path: root/Test/K01nameref.ztst

# Tests for named references

%prep

 # Required in order to declare an unset hash for substitution test
 setopt TYPESET_TO_UNSET

 : ${ZTST_continue::=1}

  # The following test allows to assess what different types of named
  # references refer to during their lifetime depending on where they
  # were initialized and whether they were defined with or without the
  # "-u" flag.
  #
  # The first parameter determines whether the named references are
  # defined with or without the flag "-u".
  #
  # The second parameter determines where the named references are
  # initialized. In all cases the named references are defined at the
  # start of function "g". With value "0" they are initialized at the
  # same place (in the same statement). With the other values, the
  # initialization is delayed until later, the greater the value and the
  # later the initialization.

   function e() {
     local s=$0 a=($0);
     f "$@";
   }

   function f() {
     local s=$0 a=($0);
     g "$@";
   }

   function g() {
     if (($2)); then local -n $1 rs ra;
     else local -n $1 rs=s ra=a; fi;
     if (($2 == 1)); then rs=s; ra=a; fi;
     echo "$0:1: rs=$rs - ra=$ra";
     local s=$0 a=($0);
     if (($2 == 2)); then rs=s; ra=a; fi;
     echo "$0:2: rs=$rs - ra=$ra";
     h "$@";
     echo "$0:3: rs=$rs - ra=$ra";
   }

   function h() {
     if (($2 == 3)); then rs=s; ra=a; fi;
     echo "$0:1: rs=$rs - ra=$ra";
     local s=$0 a=($0);
     if (($2 == 4)); then rs=s; ra=a; fi;
     echo "$0:2: rs=$rs - ra=$ra";
     i "$@";
     echo "$0:3: rs=$rs - ra=$ra";
     # Check that re-entering the same scope doesn't undo scope exit
     k "$@"
   }

   function i() {
     if (($2 == 5)); then rs=s; ra=a; fi;
     echo "$0:1: rs=$rs - ra=$ra";
     local s=$0 a=($0);
     if (($2 == 6)); then rs=s; ra=a; fi;
     echo "$0:2: rs=$rs - ra=$ra";
     j "$@";
     echo "$0:3: rs=$rs - ra=$ra";
     k "$@";
   }

   function j() {
     echo "$0:1: rs=$rs - ra=$ra";
     local s=$0 a=($0);
     echo "$0:2: rs=$rs - ra=$ra";
   }

   functions -c j k

   local s=T a=(T);

   function f1() {
       typeset var=$0;
       typeset -n ref1 ref2; typeset -n ref3=ref2;
       function f2() {
	   typeset ref2=XX;
	   function f3() {
	       typeset var=$0;
	       function f4() {
		   typeset var=$0;
		   ref1=var;
		   ref3=var; # Initializes ref2 to var
		   echo "$0: ref1=$ref1 ref2=$ref2 ref3=$ref3";
	       }
	       f4;
	       echo "$0: ref1=$ref1 ref2=$ref2 ref3=$ref3";
	       function g4() {
		   typeset var=$0;
		   function g5() {
		       typeset var=$0;
		       echo "$0: ref1=$ref1 ref2=$ref2 ref3=$ref3";
		   }
		   g5;
		   echo "$0: ref1=$ref1 ref2=$ref2 ref3=$ref3";
	       }
	       g4;
	       echo "$0: ref1=$ref1 ref2=$ref2 ref3=$ref3";
	   }
	   f3;
	   echo "$0: ref1=$ref1 ref2=$ref2 ref3=$ref3";
       }
       f2;
       echo "$0: ref1=$ref1 ref2=$ref2 ref3=$ref3";
       function h2() {
	   typeset var=$0;
	   function h3() {
	       typeset var=$0;
	       function h4() {
		   typeset var=$0;
		   function h5() {
		       typeset var=$0;
		       echo "$0: ref1=$ref1 ref2=$ref2 ref3=$ref3";
		   }
		   h5;
		   echo "$0: ref1=$ref1 ref2=$ref2 ref3=$ref3";
	       }
	       h4;
	       echo "$0: ref1=$ref1 ref2=$ref2 ref3=$ref3";
	   }
	   h3;
	   echo "$0: ref1=$ref1 ref2=$ref2 ref3=$ref3";
       }
       h2;
       echo "$0: ref1=$ref1 ref2=$ref2 ref3=$ref3";
   }

 # Helper function to test assigning and typesetting named references
 # in different contexts.
 #
 # Runs the code passed in "$1" for all combinations of the following
 # variables:
 #
 # - K: Kind of target reference. The assigned/typeset reference is
 #   one of the following kind:
 #   - "i": unInitialized reference:
 #     e.g., "ref0" in "typeset -n ref0"
 #   - "s": unSet reference:
 #     e.g., "ref0" in "typeset -n ref0; unset ref0"
 #   - "d": reference to not-yet-Defined variable:
 #     e.g., "ref0" in "typeset -n ref0=var" where "var" isn't defined
 #
 # - G: Global vs local references
 #   - "-g": All test variables/references are global ones.
 #   - ""  : All test variables/references are local ones.
 #
 # - N: direct vs indirect references
 #   - "0": The target reference "ref0" is directly assigned/typeset.
 #   - "1": The target reference "ref0" is assigned/typeset via a
 #          named reference "ref1" that refers to "ref0".
 test-setting-ref() {
   local K G N;
   for K in i s d; do
     for G in -g ""; do
       for N in 0 1; do
         test-setting-ref-aux $1
       done
     done
   done
   unset -n ref0 ref1 var
 }
 # Helper function for the function test-setting-ref defined above.
 #
 # Runs the code passed in "$1" for the context specified by the
 # variables "K", "G", and "N".
 test-setting-ref-aux() {
   unset -n ref0 ref1 var
   # In several contexts different code paths are involved depending
   # on whether the target reference "ref0" is assigned/typeset
   # directly or via a named reference that refers to it. However, it
   # doesn't seem to make a difference whether the chain of references
   # is short or long. Therefore only chains of one reference are
   # tested. One can manually double check that longer chains work the
   # same by replacing the following line by one of the commented one
   # just below and checking that all tests still pass.
   ((N < 1)) || typeset $G -n ref1=ref0
   # ((N < 1)) || typeset $G -n refX=ref0 ref1=refX
   # ((N < 1)) || typeset $G -n refX=ref0 refY=refX ref1=refY
   local kind print
   case $K in
     i) kind="uninitialized reference"     ; check=ref0; typeset $G -n ref0;;
     s) kind="unset reference"             ; check=ref0; typeset $G -n ref0; unset -n ref0;;
     d) kind="reference to not-yet-defined"; check=var ; typeset $G -n ref0=var;;
     *) echo "Unrecognized case: $case"; return;;
   esac
   echo "# $K:$kind - ${${G:-local}/-g/global} - ref$N"
   { eval ${(e)1}; typeset -p $check } always { TRY_BLOCK_ERROR=0 } 2>&1
 }

%test

 typeset -n ptr
 typeset -n
0:minimal declaration
>ptr

 typeset -n ptr=
 typeset -n
0:nameref placeholder
>ptr=''

 typeset -n ptr
 ptr=var
 typeset -n
0:assign nameref placeholder
>ptr=var

 unset ptr
 typeset -n ptr
 typeset -n ptr=var
 typeset -n
0:assign placeholder with new typeset
>ptr=var

 typeset -n ptr1
 typeset -n ptr2=ptr1
 typeset -n
0:chain ending in placeholder
>ptr1
>ptr2=ptr1

 typeset ptr=var
 typeset -n ptr
 typeset -n
0:convert scalar to nameref
>ptr=var

 typeset -n ptr=var
 typeset +n ptr
 typeset -p ptr
0:remove nameref attribute
>typeset ptr=var

 typeset -n ptr=gvar
 () {
   local ptr
   typeset -p ptr
 }
 typeset -p ptr
0:Local non-reference hides outside reference
>typeset ptr
>typeset -n ptr=gvar

 typeset -n ptr
 typeset -p ptr
 typeset -t ptr
 typeset -p ptr
0:change type of a placeholder
F:Other type changes are fatal errors, should this also be?
>typeset -n ptr
>typeset -n ptr
*?*ptr: can't change type of a named reference

 typeset -n ptr=var
 typeset -t ptr
 typeset -p ptr var
0:change type of referenced var
>typeset -n ptr=var
>typeset -t var

 typeset var
 unset var
 typeset -n ptr=var
 typeset -t ptr
 typeset -p ptr var
0:change type of unset referenced var
F:regression - at one time this incorrectly applied the tag to "ptr"
F:note this causes "var" to become set
>typeset -n ptr=var
>typeset -t var

 typeset -n ptr[1]=var
1:invalid nameref name
*?*reference variable cannot be an array

 typeset var=value
 typeset -n ptr=var
 print $ptr
 print $ptr[2,4]
0:nameref expansion, no braces
>value
>alu

 typeset var=value
 typeset -n ptr=var
 print ${ptr}
 print ${(U)ptr}
 print ${ptr[2,5][1,3]}
 print ${(U)ptr[2,5][1,3]}
0:nameref expansion, braces
>value
>VALUE
>alu
>ALU

 typeset var=(val1 val2)
 typeset -n ptr=var
 print $ptr
 print $ptr[2]
0:nameref array expansion, no braces
>val1 val2
>val2

 typeset var=(val1 val2)
 typeset -n ptr=var
 print ${ptr}
 print ${(O)ptr}
 print ${ptr[2]}
 print ${(U)ptr[2]}
 print ${ptr[2][2,4]}
 print ${(U)ptr[2][2,4]}
0:nameref array expansion, braces
>val1 val2
>val2 val1
>val2
>VAL2
>al2
>AL2

 typeset -A var=(key1 val1 key2 val2)
 typeset -n ptr=var
 print $ptr
 print $ptr[key2]
0:nameref hash expansion, no braces
>val1 val2
>val2

 typeset -A var=(key1 val1 key2 val2)
 typeset -n ptr=var
 print ${ptr}
 print ${(kv)ptr}
 print ${ptr[key2]}
 print ${(U)ptr[key2]}
 print ${ptr[key2][2,4]}
 print ${(U)ptr[key2][2,4]}
0:nameref hash expansion, braces
>val1 val2
>key1 val1 key2 val2
>val2
>VAL2
>al2
>AL2

 typeset var=value
 typeset -n ptr=var
 ptr=newvalue
 typeset -p var
 ptr[3]=xt
 typeset -p var
 typeset ptr=newvalue
 typeset -p var
 typeset ptr[3]=xt
 typeset -p var
0:assign/typeset existing scalar via nameref
>typeset var=newvalue
>typeset var=nextvalue
>typeset var=newvalue
>typeset var=nextvalue

 typeset var=(val1 val2)
 typeset -n ptr=var
 ptr=(new1 new2 new3 new4 new5)
 typeset -p var
 ptr[3]=new6
 typeset -p var
 ptr[2,4]=(new7 new8)
 typeset -p var
 typeset ptr=(new1 new2 new3 new4 new5)
 typeset -p var
 typeset ptr[3]=new6
 typeset -p var
 typeset ptr[2,4]=(new7 new8)
 typeset -p var
0:assign/typeset existing array via nameref
>typeset -a var=( new1 new2 new3 new4 new5 )
>typeset -a var=( new1 new2 new6 new4 new5 )
>typeset -a var=( new1 new7 new8 new5 )
>typeset -a var=( new1 new2 new3 new4 new5 )
>typeset -a var=( new1 new2 new6 new4 new5 )
>typeset -a var=( new1 new7 new8 new5 )

 typeset -A var=(key1 val1)
 typeset -n ptr=var
 ptr=(key2 val2 key3 val3)
 typeset -p var
 ptr[key3]=VAL3
 ptr[key4]=val4
 typeset -p var
 typeset ptr=(key2 val2 key3 val3)
 typeset -p var
 typeset ptr[key3]=VAL3
 typeset ptr[key4]=val4
 typeset -p var
0:assign/typeset existing array via nameref
>typeset -A var=( [key2]=val2 [key3]=val3 )
>typeset -A var=( [key2]=val2 [key3]=VAL3 [key4]=val4 )
>typeset -A var=( [key2]=val2 [key3]=val3 )
>typeset -A var=( [key2]=val2 [key3]=VAL3 [key4]=val4 )

 () {
   unset var
   typeset -n ptr=var
   ptr=value
   typeset -p var
   unset var
   typeset ptr=value
   typeset -p var
 }
 typeset -p var
1:assign/typeset new scalar via nameref
>typeset -g var=value
>typeset var=value
*?*no such variable: var

 () {
   unset var
   typeset -n ptr=var
   ptr=(val1 val2)
   typeset -p var
   unset var
   typeset ptr=(val1 val2)
   typeset -p var
 }
 typeset -p var
1:assign/typeset new array via nameref
>typeset -g -a var=( val1 val2 )
>typeset -a var=( val1 val2 )
*?*no such variable: var

 typeset var=value
 typeset -n ptr=var
 unset "ptr[3]"
 typeset -p var
 unset "ptr[2,3]"
 typeset -p var
 unset ptr
 typeset -p var
 typeset var=(val1 val2 val3 val4 val5)
 unset "ptr[3]"
 typeset -p var
 unset "ptr[2,4]"
 typeset -p var
 unset ptr
 typeset -p var
 typeset -A var=(key1 val1 key2 val2)
 unset "ptr[key2]"
 typeset -p var
 unset ptr
 typeset -p var
0:unset via nameref
>typeset var=vaue
>typeset var=ve
>typeset -a var=( val1 val2 '' val4 val5 )
>typeset -a var=( val1 '' val5 )
>typeset -A var=( [key1]=val1 )

 typeset var=value
 typeset -n ptr=var
 unset -n ptr
 typeset -p var ptr
0:unset of the nameref itself
>typeset var=value

 typeset -p ptr ptr1 ptr2 var
1:check state of paramtab ONE
F:unexpected side-effects of previous tests
*?*no such variable: ptr
*?*no such variable: ptr1
*?*no such variable: ptr2
*?*no such variable: var

 unset var
 typeset -n ptr2=var
 typeset -n ptr1=ptr2
 typeset var=value
 typeset -p ptr1 ptr2 var
 print $ptr1
0:indirect nameref expansion
>typeset -n ptr1=ptr2
>typeset -n ptr2=var
>typeset var=value
>value

 typeset -p ptr1 ptr2 var
1:check state of paramtab TWO
F:unexpected side-effects of previous tests
*?*no such variable: ptr1
*?*no such variable: ptr2
*?*no such variable: var

 typeset var
 typeset -n ptr2=var
 typeset -n ptr1=ptr2
 typeset ptr1=newvalue
 typeset -p ptr1 ptr2 var
0:typeset existing parameter indirectly
>typeset -n ptr1=ptr2
>typeset -n ptr2=var
>typeset var=newvalue

 typeset var=value
 typeset -n ptr2=var
 typeset -n ptr1=ptr2
 unset ptr1
 typeset -p ptr1 ptr2 var
0:unset parameter indirectly
>typeset -n ptr1=ptr2
>typeset -n ptr2=var

 typeset -n ptr2=var
 typeset -n ptr1=ptr2
 typeset ptr1=newvalue
 typeset -p ptr1 ptr2 var
0:typeset new parameter indirectly
>typeset -n ptr1=ptr2
>typeset -n ptr2=var
>typeset var=newvalue

 unset var
 typeset -n ptr2=var
 typeset -n ptr1=ptr2
 typeset var=value
 typeset -p ptr1 ptr2 var
 ptr1=newvalue
 typeset -p ptr1 ptr2 var
0:assign new parameter indirectly
>typeset -n ptr1=ptr2
>typeset -n ptr2=var
>typeset var=value
>typeset -n ptr1=ptr2
>typeset -n ptr2=var
>typeset var=newvalue

 typeset -p ptr1 ptr2 var
1:check state of paramtab THREE
F:unexpected side-effects of previous tests
*?*no such variable: ptr1
*?*no such variable: ptr2
*?*no such variable: var

 typeset -a var
 typeset -n ptr2=var
 typeset -n ptr1=ptr2
 typeset ptr1=(val1 val2)
 typeset -p ptr1 ptr2 var
0:typeset existing array indirectly
>typeset -n ptr1=ptr2
>typeset -n ptr2=var
>typeset -a var=( val1 val2 )

 typeset -n ptr2=var
 typeset -n ptr1=ptr2
 typeset ptr1=(val1 val2)
 typeset -p ptr1 ptr2 var
0:typeset new array indirectly
>typeset -n ptr1=ptr2
>typeset -n ptr2=var
>typeset -a var=( val1 val2 )

 typeset -p ptr1 ptr2
1:check state of paramtab FOUR
F:unexpected side-effects of previous tests
*?*no such variable: ptr1
*?*no such variable: ptr2

 unset var
 typeset -n ptr2=var
 typeset -n ptr1=ptr2
 ptr1=(val1 val2)
 typeset -p ptr1 ptr2 var
0:assign new array indirectly
>typeset -n ptr1=ptr2
>typeset -n ptr2=var
>typeset -g -a var=( val1 val2 )

 typeset -n ptr1=ptr2
 typeset -n ptr2=ptr1
1:direct nameref loop not allowed
*?*invalid self reference

 unset var
 typeset -gn ptr1=var
 typeset -p ptr1
0:global reference to unset var
>typeset -g -n ptr1=var

 unset -n ptr1
 typeset -gn ptr1
 typeset -p ptr1
 ptr1=ptr1
1:global direct reference
>typeset -g -n ptr1
*?*invalid self reference

 typeset -n ptr1=ptr2
 typeset -n ptr2=ptr3
 typeset -n ptr3=ptr1
1:indirect nameref loop not allowed
*?*invalid self reference

 typeset -n ptr1 ptr2
 ptr1=ptr2
 ptr2=ptr1
1:looping assignment not allowed
*?*invalid self reference

 typeset ptr1=not-a-ref
 () {
   typeset -n ptr1=ptr1
   () {
     typeset -n ptr1=ptr1
     echo $ptr1
   }
 }
0:regression: not a self reference (test 1)
>not-a-ref

 typeset -n ptr1
 typeset -n ptr2=ptr1
 () {
   typeset ptr2=no-a-ref
   typeset -n ptr1=ptr2
 }
0:regression: not a self reference (test 2)

 typeset ptr2=foo
 () {
   typeset -n ptr1=ptr2
   typeset -n ptr2=ptr1
 }
0:regression: not a self reference (test 3)

 unset -n ptr1
 typeset -n ptr1='not[2]good'
1:invalid nameref
*?*invalid variable name: not\[2\]good

 unset -n ptr
 unset gval
 typeset -n ptr=gval
 gval=global
 () { local gval=local; print $ptr; typeset -p ptr gval }
0:up-reference part 1
>global
>typeset -g -n ptr=gval
>typeset gval=local

 typeset -p ptr ptr1 ptr2 val
1:check state of paramtab FIVE
F:unexpected side-effects of previous tests
*?*no such variable: ptr
*?*no such variable: ptr1
*?*no such variable: ptr2
*?*no such variable: val

 unset gval
 typeset -n ptr1=gval
 typeset gval
 () { typeset gval=local; ptr1=global }
 typeset -p ptr1 gval
0:up-reference assignment part 1
F:All tests run inside a function, so "typeset gval" creates a local;
F:if that were omitted, ptr1= assignment would create a true global
F:and the output below would change to "typeset -g gval=global"
>typeset -n ptr1=gval
>typeset gval=global

 typeset -p ptr ptr1 ptr2 val gval
1:check state of paramtab SIX
F:unexpected side-effects of previous tests
*?*no such variable: ptr
*?*no such variable: ptr1
*?*no such variable: ptr2
*?*no such variable: val
*?*no such variable: gval

 typeset gval=global
 () {
   typeset -n ptr=gval
   local gval=local
   print $ptr
 }
 typeset -p ptr gval
1:up-reference part 2
>global
*?*no such variable: ptr
>typeset gval=global

 typeset -n ptr=gval
 () {
    local lval=local
    typeset -n ptr=lval
    ptr=LOCAL
    typeset -p lval gval ptr
  }
 typeset -p ptr
0:localized namerefs hide global namerefs
*?*no such variable: gval
>typeset lval=LOCAL
>typeset -n ptr=lval
>typeset -n ptr=gval

 typeset -A var=(myself outside)
 () {
   typeset -n myself=var
   local -h var
   print -r -- $myself[myself]
   typeset -p var
 }
0:up-reference part 3, hidden global
>outside
>typeset -h var

 () {
   typeset notdef
   unset notdef
   () {
     typeset -n ptr=notdef
     ptr=(DEFINED)
   }
   typeset -p notdef
 }
0:up-reference part 4, unset local and type change
>typeset -a notdef=( DEFINED )

 () {
   typeset -n ptr1=ptr2
   typeset -n ptr2
   typeset -p ptr1 ptr2
   typeset val=LOCAL
   () {
     ptr1=val
     typeset -n
     printf "%s=%s\n" ptr1 "$ptr1" ptr2 "$ptr2"
   }
   typeset -p ptr1 ptr2
 }
 typeset -p ptr2
1:up-reference part 5, stacked namerefs, end not in scope
>typeset -n ptr1=ptr2
>typeset -n ptr2
>ptr1=ptr2
>ptr2=val
>ptr1=LOCAL
>ptr2=LOCAL
>typeset -n ptr1=ptr2
>typeset -n ptr2=val
*?*no such variable: ptr2

 typeset ptr2
 () {
   typeset -n ptr1=ptr2
   typeset -n ptr2
   typeset -p ptr1 ptr2
   typeset val=LOCAL
   () {
     ptr1=val
     typeset -n
     printf "%s=%s\n" ptr1 "$ptr1" ptr2 "$ptr2"
   }
   typeset -p ptr1 ptr2
 }
 typeset -p ptr2
0:up-reference part 6, stacked namerefs, end is in scope
F:Same test, should part 5 output look like this?
>typeset -n ptr1=ptr2
>typeset -n ptr2
>ptr1=ptr2
>ptr2
>ptr1=val
>ptr2=
>typeset -n ptr1=ptr2
>typeset -n ptr2
>typeset ptr2=val

 () {
   () {
     local var
     typeset -nu ptr1=var
     ptr1=outer && print -u2 assignment expected to fail
     typeset -n ptr2=var
     ptr2=inner
     typeset -n
     printf "%s=%s\n" ptr1 "$ptr1" ptr2 "$ptr2"
   }
   typeset -p var
 }
 typeset -p var
1:up-reference part 7, upscope namerefs, end not in scope
>ptr1=var
>ptr2=var
>ptr1=
>ptr2=inner
*?*typeset*: no such variable: var
*?*typeset*: no such variable: var

 typeset var
 () {
   () {
     local var
     typeset -nu ptr1=var
     ptr1=outer || print -u2 assignment expected to succeed
     typeset -n ptr2=var
     ptr2=inner
     typeset -n
     printf "%s=%s\n" ptr1 "$ptr1" ptr2 "$ptr2"
   }
   typeset -p var
 }
 typeset -p var
0:up-reference part 8, upscope namerefs, end in scope
>ptr1=var
>ptr2=var
>ptr1=outer
>ptr2=inner
>typeset -g var=outer
>typeset var=outer

 if zmodload zsh/parameter; then
 () {
   zmodload -u zsh/parameter
   typeset -n myself=parameters
   local -h parameters
   print -r -- $myself[myself]
   typeset -p parameters
 }
 else ZTST_skip='Cannot zmodload zsh/parameter, skipping autoload test'
 fi
0:up-reference part 9, autoloading with hidden special
>nameref-local-association-readonly-hide-hideval-special
>typeset -h parameters

 (
  inner() { local -n var="${1:?}"; var=(alpha beta gamma); }
  outer() { local -a foo=(outer); inner foo; typeset -p foo; }
  foo=3 ; { outer foo } always { typeset -p foo }
 )
0:up-reference part 10, assignment to enclosing scope, types match
>typeset -a foo=( alpha beta gamma )
>typeset -g foo=3

 (
  inner() { local -n var="${1:?}"; var=(alpha beta gamma); }
  outer() { local foo=outer; inner foo; typeset -p foo; }
  foo=3 ; { outer foo } always { typeset -p foo }
 )
0:up-reference part 11, assignment to enclosing scope, type mismatch
>typeset -a foo=( alpha beta gamma )
>typeset -g foo=3

 (
  inner() { local -n var="${1:?}"; unset var; var=(alpha beta gamma); }
  outer() { local foo=outer; inner foo; typeset -p foo; }
  foo=3 ; { outer foo } always { typeset -p foo }
 )
0:up-reference part 12, assignment to enclosing scope, unset by reference
>typeset -a foo=( alpha beta gamma )
>typeset -g foo=3

 (
  inner() { local "${1:?}"; local -nu var="$1"; var=(alpha beta gamma); }
  outer() { local -a foo=(outer); inner foo; typeset -p foo; }
  foo=3 ; { outer foo } always { typeset -p foo }
 )
0:up-reference part 13, assignment to enclosing scope, skip local
>typeset -a foo=( alpha beta gamma )
>typeset -g foo=3

 (
  inner() { local "${1:?}"; local -nu var="$1";
  	    typeset -g var=(alpha beta gamma); }
  outer() { local -a foo=(outer); inner foo; typeset -p foo; }
  foo=3 ; { outer foo } always { typeset -p foo }
 )
0f:up-reference part 14, typeset -g to enclosing scope, skip local
F:typeset cannot bypass a name in the local scope, even via nameref
>typeset -a foo=( alpha beta gamma )
>typeset -g foo=3

 () {
  # scope with no parameters
  () {
    local -nu upref=$1
    local var=at_upref
    print -- $upref
  } var
 }
0:up-reference part 15, non-existent parameter in outer scope
# no output expected
>

 if [[ $options[typesettounset] != on ]]; then
   ZTST_skip='Ignoring zmodload bug that resets TYPESET_TO_UNSET'
   setopt typesettounset
 fi
0:options reloaded
F:Checking for a bug in zmodload that affects later tests

 typeset ptr2=var2
 typeset var2=GLOBAL
 () {
   typeset -n ptr1=ptr2
   typeset ptr2=var1
   typeset var1=VAR1
   typeset var2=VAR2
   print -r -- ${(P)ptr1}
 }
0:Order of evaluation with ${(P)...}
>VAR2

 ary=(one two three four)
 typeset -n ptr=ary
 print -r ${(j.:.)ptr//o/0}
0:expansion flags and string replacement
>0ne:tw0:three:f0ur

 var=value
 typeset -n ptr=var
 myscalar=ptr
 echo ${(P)myscalar}
0:named references with (P), as ${(P)name_of_nameref}
>value

 var=value
 myscalar=var
 typeset -n ptr=myscalar
 echo ${(P)ptr}
0:named references with (P), as ${(P)nameref}
>value

 unset -n ref
 unset var
 typeset -n ref=var
 typeset var=GLOBAL
 () {
  typeset -n ref=$1
  print -r $ref
  ref=RESET
  typeset -p ref var
 } ref
 typeset -p ref var
0:local reference points to same-name global reference, part 1
>GLOBAL
>typeset -n ref=ref
>typeset -g var=RESET
>typeset -n ref=var
>typeset var=RESET

 unset -n ref
 unset var
 typeset -n ref=var
 () {
  typeset -n ref=$1
  print -r $ref
  ref=RESET
  typeset -p ref var
 } ref
 typeset -p ref var
0:local reference points to same-name global reference, part 2
>
>typeset -n ref=ref
>typeset -g var=RESET
>typeset -n ref=var
>typeset -g var=RESET

 unset -n ref
 unset var1
 typeset -n ref=var1
 () {
   typeset -n ref=var2
   ref=RESET
   typeset -p ref var2
 }
 typeset -p ref var2
0:local reference hides same-name global reference
>typeset -n ref=var2
>typeset -g var2=RESET
>typeset -n ref=var1
>typeset -g var2=RESET

 unset -n ref
 unset one
 typeset -n ref
 typeset one=ONE
 for ref in one ref two; do print -r $ref; done
1:for-loop variable is a reference, part 1
>ONE
*?*ref: invalid self reference

 unset -n ref
 unset one
 typeset -n ref
 () {
  typeset one=ONE
  for ref in one ref two; do print -r ${(t)ref}; done
 }
1:for-loop variable is a reference, part 2
>scalar-local
*?*ref: invalid self reference

 unset -n ref
 unset one var
 typeset -n ref=var
 () {
  typeset one=ONE
  typeset -n ref=ref
  for ref in one ref two; do
   typeset -p ref
   print -r $ref
  done
  typeset -p ref
 }
 typeset -p ref
0:for-loop variable is a reference, part 3
>typeset -n ref=one
>ONE
>typeset -n ref=ref
>
>typeset -n ref=two
>
>typeset -n ref=two
>typeset -n ref=var

 typeset -g .K01.scalar='RW'
 typeset -gA .K01.assoc=(x y)
 typeset -ga .K01.array=(z)
 typeset -gi .K01.integer=0
 typeset -gE .K01.double=0.0
 typeset -gF .K01.float=0.0
 typeset -gr .K01.readonly='RO'
 typeset -n gref
 for gref in ARGC .K01.{scalar,assoc,array,integer,double,float,readonly}
 do
   { unset gref } always { TRY_BLOCK_ERROR=0 }
 done
 typeset -p .K01.{scalar,assoc,array,integer,double,float,readonly}
 unset .K01.{scalar,assoc,array,integer,double,float}
0:unset various types via nameref, including a readonly special
>typeset -g -r .K01.readonly=RO
*?*read-only variable: ARGC
*?*read-only variable: .K01.readonly
*?*no such variable: .K01.scalar
*?*no such variable: .K01.assoc
*?*no such variable: .K01.array
*?*no such variable: .K01.integer
*?*no such variable: .K01.double
*?*no such variable: .K01.float

 unset -n ref
 unset one
 typeset -n ref
 () {
  setopt localoptions warn_nested_var
  typeset one=ONE
  for ref in one two; do print -r ${(t)ref}; done
  typeset -n ref
  for ref in one two; do print -r ${(t)ref}; done
 }
0:for-loop variable is a reference, part 4, warnings
>scalar-local
>
>scalar-local
>
*?*reference ref*to local variable one

 typeset -n ref=var
 {
   for ref in valid1 inv@lid valid2; do typeset -p ref; done
 } always { TRY_BLOCK_ERROR=0 }
 typeset -nr ref=var
 {
   for ref in valid3 valid4; do typeset -p ref; done
 } always { TRY_BLOCK_ERROR=0 }
1:for-loop variable is a reference, part 5, errors
>typeset -n ref=valid1
*?*invalid variable name: inv@lid
*?*read-only reference: ref

 unset -n ref
 typeset -n ref
 () {
   setopt localoptions warn_nested_var
   typeset inner
   ref=inner
 }
 typeset -p ref
0:Global variable is a reference, warning
>typeset -n ref=inner
*?*reference ref*to local variable inner

 unset -n ref
 typeset -n ref=GLOBAL
 () {
   typeset -gn ref=RESET
 }
 typeset -p ref
0:reset global reference within function
>typeset -n ref=RESET

 unset -n ref
 typeset -rn ref=RO
 typeset -p ref
 (typeset -n ref=RW)
 print status: $? expected: 1
 typeset +r -n ref
 typeset -p ref
 typeset -r +n ref
 typeset -p ref
 (typeset -rn ref)
 print status: $? expected: 1
 typeset +r -n ref=RW	# Assignment occurs after type change,
 typeset -p ref RO	# so RO=RW here.  Potentially confusing.
 typeset -r -n ref=RX	# No type change, so referent changes ...
 typeset -p ref RO	# ... and previous refererent does not.
 typeset +rn ref=RW	# Here ref=RW, again type changed first.
 typeset -p ref
0:add and remove readonly attribute with references
>typeset -rn ref=RO
*?*: ref: read-only reference
>status: 1 expected: 1
>typeset -n ref=RO
>typeset -r ref=RO
*?*: ref: read-only variable
>status: 1 expected: 1
>typeset -n ref=RO
>typeset -g RO=RW
>typeset -rn ref=RX
>typeset -g RO=RW
>typeset ref=RW

 () {
  typeset -n r1 r2=
  typeset -p r1 r2
  print -- ${(!)r1-unset}
  print -- ${+r1}
  typeset -p r1
 }
0:unset nameref remains unset when resolved
F:relies on global TYPESET_TO_UNSET in %prep
>typeset -n r1
>typeset -n r2=''
>unset
>0
>typeset -n r1

 bar=xx
 typeset -n foo=bar
 () {
   typeset -n foo; foo=zz
   foo=zz || print -u2 foo: assignment failed
   typeset -p bar zz
 }
 # prior to workers/53676 the assignment failed
 unset zz
 () { typeset -n foo; foo=zz; local zz; foo=zz; typeset -p bar zz }
0:regression: local nameref may not in-scope a global parameter
F:previously this could create an infinite recursion and crash
>typeset -g bar=xx
>typeset -g zz=zz
>typeset -g bar=xx
>typeset zz=zz

 typeset -nm foo=bar
1:create nameref by pattern match not allowed
*?*typeset:1: -m not allowed with -n

 typeset -nariu ref=var
1:regression: warn about invalid nameref options but never about valid ones
*?*typeset:1: -a not allowed with -n
*?*typeset:1: -i not allowed with -n

 e -u 0
0:assignment at different scope than declaration, -u 0
>g:1: rs=f - ra=f
>g:2: rs=f - ra=f
>h:1: rs=f - ra=f
>h:2: rs=f - ra=f
>i:1: rs=f - ra=f
>i:2: rs=f - ra=f
>j:1: rs=f - ra=f
>j:2: rs=f - ra=f
>i:3: rs=f - ra=f
>k:1: rs=f - ra=f
>k:2: rs=f - ra=f
>h:3: rs=f - ra=f
>k:1: rs=f - ra=f
>k:2: rs=f - ra=f
>g:3: rs=f - ra=f

 e '' 0
0:assignment at different scope than declaration, '' 0
>g:1: rs=f - ra=f
>g:2: rs=f - ra=f
>h:1: rs=f - ra=f
>h:2: rs=f - ra=f
>i:1: rs=f - ra=f
>i:2: rs=f - ra=f
>j:1: rs=f - ra=f
>j:2: rs=f - ra=f
>i:3: rs=f - ra=f
>k:1: rs=f - ra=f
>k:2: rs=f - ra=f
>h:3: rs=f - ra=f
>k:1: rs=f - ra=f
>k:2: rs=f - ra=f
>g:3: rs=f - ra=f

 e -u 2
0:assignment at different scope than declaration, -u 2
>g:1: rs= - ra=
>g:2: rs=f - ra=f
>h:1: rs=f - ra=f
>h:2: rs=f - ra=f
>i:1: rs=f - ra=f
>i:2: rs=f - ra=f
>j:1: rs=f - ra=f
>j:2: rs=f - ra=f
>i:3: rs=f - ra=f
>k:1: rs=f - ra=f
>k:2: rs=f - ra=f
>h:3: rs=f - ra=f
>k:1: rs=f - ra=f
>k:2: rs=f - ra=f
>g:3: rs=f - ra=f

 e -u 6
0:assignment at different scope than declaration, -u 6
>g:1: rs= - ra=
>g:2: rs= - ra=
>h:1: rs= - ra=
>h:2: rs= - ra=
>i:1: rs= - ra=
>i:2: rs=f - ra=f
>j:1: rs=f - ra=f
>j:2: rs=f - ra=f
>i:3: rs=f - ra=f
>k:1: rs=f - ra=f
>k:2: rs=f - ra=f
>h:3: rs=f - ra=f
>k:1: rs=f - ra=f
>k:2: rs=f - ra=f
>g:3: rs=f - ra=f

 e '' 6
0:assignment at different scope than declaration, '' 6
>g:1: rs= - ra=
>g:2: rs= - ra=
>h:1: rs= - ra=
>h:2: rs= - ra=
>i:1: rs= - ra=
>i:2: rs=i - ra=i
>j:1: rs=i - ra=i
>j:2: rs=i - ra=i
>i:3: rs=i - ra=i
>k:1: rs=i - ra=i
>k:2: rs=i - ra=i
>h:3: rs=h - ra=h
>k:1: rs=h - ra=h
>k:2: rs=h - ra=h
>g:3: rs=g - ra=g

 f1
0:Transitive references with scoping changes
>f4: ref1=f4 ref2=XX ref3=f4
>f3: ref1=f3 ref2=XX ref3=f3
>g5: ref1=f3 ref2=XX ref3=f3
>g4: ref1=f3 ref2=XX ref3=f3
>f3: ref1=f3 ref2=XX ref3=f3
>f2: ref1=f1 ref2=XX ref3=f1
>f1: ref1=f1 ref2=f1 ref3=f1
>h5: ref1=f1 ref2=f1 ref3=f1
>h4: ref1=f1 ref2=f1 ref3=f1
>h3: ref1=f1 ref2=f1 ref3=f1
>h2: ref1=f1 ref2=f1 ref3=f1
>f1: ref1=f1 ref2=f1 ref3=f1

 () {
   typeset -n ref1 ref2
   local var=l1
   () {
     () {
       local var=l3
       ref1=var
       echo A1: ref1=$ref1 ref2=$ref2
     }
     ref2=var
     # At this point, "ref1" and "ref2" refer to the same variable
     # "var". Going forward, they should behave the same.
     echo A2: ref1=$ref1 ref2=$ref2
     () {
       local var=l3
       echo A3: ref1=$ref1 ref2=$ref2
     }
     echo A4: ref1=$ref1 ref2=$ref2
     local var=l2
     echo A5: ref1=$ref1 ref2=$ref2
   }
   echo A6: ref1=$ref1 ref2=$ref2
 }
 () {
   typeset -n ref1 ref2
   () {
     () {
       local var=l3
       ref1=var
       echo B1: ref1=$ref1 ref2=$ref2
     }
     ref2=var
     # At this point, "ref1" and "ref2" refer to the same undefined
     # variable "var". Going forward, they should behave the same.
     echo B2: ref1=$ref1 ref2=$ref2
     () {
       () {
         local var=l4
         echo B3: ref1=$ref1 ref2=$ref2
       }
       local var=l3
       echo B4: ref1=$ref1 ref2=$ref2
     }
     local var=l2
     echo B5: ref1=$ref1 ref2=$ref2
     () {
       () {
         local var=l4
         echo B6: ref1=$ref1 ref2=$ref2
       }
       local var=l3
       echo B7: ref1=$ref1 ref2=$ref2
     }
     echo B8: ref1=$ref1 ref2=$ref2
   }
   local var=l1
   echo B9: ref1=$ref1 ref2=$ref2
 }
0:rebound nameref behaves the same as newly bound one
>A1: ref1=l3 ref2=
>A2: ref1=l1 ref2=l1
>A3: ref1=l1 ref2=l1
>A4: ref1=l1 ref2=l1
>A5: ref1=l1 ref2=l1
>A6: ref1=l1 ref2=l1
>B1: ref1=l3 ref2=
>B2: ref1= ref2=
>B3: ref1=l4 ref2=l4
>B4: ref1=l3 ref2=l3
>B5: ref1=l2 ref2=l2
>B6: ref1=l2 ref2=l2
>B7: ref1=l2 ref2=l2
>B8: ref1=l2 ref2=l2
>B9: ref1=l1 ref2=l1

 check-valid-referent-name() {
   local -n ref=$1
   [[ $ref = $2 ]] || echo "Unexpected expansion result: ref=$1, \$ref=$ref != $2"
 }
 check-invalid-variable-name() {
   {
     local -- $1=value-$1 2>/dev/null
     echo "Unexpected valid variable name: $1"
   } always {
     TRY_BLOCK_ERROR=0
   }
 }
 check-invalid-referent-name() {
   {
     local -n -- ref=$1 2>/dev/null
     echo "Unexpected valid referent name: $1"
   } always {
     TRY_BLOCK_ERROR=0
   }
 }
 local name value;
 # Test valid variable names.
 for name in \
    foo  foo.  foo.bar  foo.456  foo.4ar \
   .foo       .foo.bar .foo.456
 do
   local $name=value-$name
   check-valid-referent-name "$name" value-$name
   check-invalid-referent-name "$name"@
   check-invalid-referent-name "$name""[1]"
 done
 # Test valid builtin variable names
 for name value in 123 "" \! 0 \? 0 \$ $$ - 569X _ -n; do
   check-valid-referent-name "$name" $value
   check-invalid-referent-name "$name"@
   check-invalid-referent-name "$name""[1]"
 done
 # Test invalid variable names.
 for name in \
        .foo.                   .foo.4ar  .  foo.. \
         123.  123.bar  123.456  123.4ar .. .foo.. \
   .123 .123. .123.bar .123.456 .123.4ar \
    1oo  1oo.  1oo.bar  1oo.456  1oo.4ar \
   .1oo .1oo. .1oo.bar .1oo.456 .1oo.4ar
 do
   check-invalid-variable-name "$name"
   check-invalid-referent-name "$name"
   check-invalid-referent-name "$name"@
   check-invalid-referent-name "$name""[1]"
 done
 # Any variable name with more than one non-leading '.' is invalid.
 for name in {,.}{foo,123,1oo}.{bar,456,4ar}.{,baz,789,7az}; do
   check-invalid-variable-name "$name"
   check-invalid-referent-name "$name"
 done
 unfunction check-valid-referent-name
 unfunction check-invalid-variable-name
 unfunction check-invalid-referent-name
 unset name value
0:references to invalid variable names

 edgelocal() ( local -n x=$1; typeset -p x; print -r $x )
 edgeupper() ( local -nu x=$1; typeset -p x; print -r $x )
 for edge in argv ARGC \@ \* \# 0 00 2 02 \! \? \$ - _
 do
  edgelocal $edge foo
  edgeupper $edge foo
 done
 unfunction edgelocal edgeupper
0q:references to builtin specials
>typeset -n x=argv
>argv foo
>typeset -n x=ARGC
>2
>typeset -n x=0
>edgelocal
>typeset -n x=00
>edgelocal
>typeset -n x=2
>foo
>typeset -n x=02
>foo
>typeset -n x=!
>0
>typeset -un x=!
>0
>typeset -n x='?'
>0
>typeset -un x='?'
>0
>typeset -n x='$'
>$$
>typeset -un x='$'
>$$
>typeset -n x=-
>569X
>typeset -un x=-
>569X
>typeset -n x=_
>x
>typeset -un x=_
>x
?edgeupper: invalid variable name: argv
?edgeupper: invalid variable name: ARGC
?edgelocal: invalid variable name: @
?edgeupper: invalid variable name: @
?edgelocal: invalid variable name: *
?edgeupper: invalid variable name: *
?edgelocal: invalid variable name: #
?edgeupper: invalid variable name: #
?edgeupper: invalid variable name: 0
?edgeupper: invalid variable name: 00
?edgeupper: invalid variable name: 2
?edgeupper: invalid variable name: 02

 tst() {
   typeset -n ref0=0 2>&1
   typeset -n ref00=00 2>&1
   typeset -n ref2=2 2>&1
   typeset -n ref02=02 2>&1
   echo ${(q)0} ${(q)*} - $ref0 - $ref00 - $ref2 - $ref02
   ref0=TST
   ref2=BBB
   echo ${(q)0} ${(q)*} - $ref0 - $ref00 - $ref2 - $ref02
   ref00=Tst
   ref02=Bbb
   echo ${(q)0} ${(q)*} - $ref0 - $ref00 - $ref2 - $ref02; typeset -p -- 0 00 2 02 2>&1
   unset ref0
   unset ref2
   echo ${(q)0} ${(q)*} - $ref0 - $ref00 - $ref2 - $ref02; typeset -p -- 0 00 2 02 2>&1
   ref0=tst
   ref2=bbb
   echo ${(q)0} ${(q)*} - $ref0 - $ref00 - $ref2 - $ref02; typeset -p -- 0 00 2 02 2>&1
   { ref0=(TST TST) 2>&1 } always { TRY_BLOCK_ERROR=0 }
   { ref2=(BBB BBB) 2>&1 } always { TRY_BLOCK_ERROR=0 }
   echo ${(q)0} ${(q)*} - $ref0 - $ref00 - $ref2 - $ref02; typeset -p -- 0 00 2 02 2>&1
   typeset -n ref5=5 2>&1
   ref5=zzz
   echo ${(q)0} ${(q)*}
   unset ref2
   echo ${(q)0} ${(q)*}
   unset ref2
   echo ${(q)0} ${(q)*}
   unset ref2
   echo ${(q)0} ${(q)*}
   unset ref2
   echo ${(q)0} ${(q)*}
   unset ref2
   echo ${(q)0} ${(q)*}
 }
 tst aaa bbb ccc
 unfunction tst
0:references to positional parameters
>tst aaa bbb ccc - tst - tst - bbb - bbb
>TST aaa BBB ccc - TST - TST - BBB - BBB
>Tst aaa Bbb ccc - Tst - Tst - Bbb - Bbb
>tst:typeset:11: no such variable: 00
>tst:typeset:11: no such variable: 2
>tst:typeset:11: no such variable: 02
>typeset -g 0=Tst
>Tst aaa ccc - Tst - Tst - ccc - ccc
>tst:typeset:14: no such variable: 00
>tst:typeset:14: no such variable: 2
>tst:typeset:14: no such variable: 02
>typeset -g 0=Tst
>tst aaa bbb - tst - tst - bbb - bbb
>tst:typeset:17: no such variable: 00
>tst:typeset:17: no such variable: 2
>tst:typeset:17: no such variable: 02
>typeset -g 0=tst
>tst:18: 0: attempt to assign array value to non-array
>tst:19: 2: attempt to assign array value to non-array
>tst aaa bbb - tst - tst - bbb - bbb
>tst:typeset:20: no such variable: 00
>tst:typeset:20: no such variable: 2
>tst:typeset:20: no such variable: 02
>typeset -g 0=tst
>tst aaa bbb '' '' zzz
>tst aaa '' '' zzz
>tst aaa '' zzz
>tst aaa zzz
>tst aaa
>tst aaa

#
# The following tests are run in interactive mode, using PS3 as an
# assignable special with side-effects.  This crashed at one time.
#

 # Note bypassing TYPESET_TO_UNSET here
 PS1= PS2= $ZTST_testdir/../Src/zsh -fis <<<'
   typeset -n p=PS3
   () {
    typeset -p p
    local p
    typeset -p p
    p=xx
    typeset -p p
   }
 '
0:regression: assign to local that shadows global named reference
>typeset -g -n p=PS3
>typeset p=''
>typeset p=xx

 # Note bypassing TYPESET_TO_UNSET here
 PS1= PS2= $ZTST_testdir/../Src/zsh -fis <<<'
   () {
     typeset p=PS3
     typeset -n p
     p=zz
   }
   typeset -p PS3
 '
0:regression - converting a string into a named reference
>typeset PS3=zz

# Testing named directories requires to run in interactive mode

 # Use "${(kv)nameddirs}" because "typeset -p nameddirs" prints no value
 PS1= $ZTST_testdir/../Src/zsh -fis <<<'
   [[ -d Modules/zsh ]] && module_path=( $PWD/Modules )
   typeset v1=/1 v2
   typeset -n r1=v1 r2
   { echo "~v1:" ~v1 } 2>&1
   { echo "~r1:" ~r1 } 2>&1
   echo "nameddirs=( ${(kv)nameddirs} )"
   r1=/A
   echo "nameddirs=( ${(kv)nameddirs} )"
   hash -d v2=/2 r2=/R
   echo "nameddirs=( ${(kv)nameddirs} )"
   setopt autonamedirs
   v2=V2
   echo "nameddirs=( ${(kv)nameddirs} )"
   r2=v2
   echo "nameddirs=( ${(kv)nameddirs} )"
   r2=/B
   echo "nameddirs=( ${(kv)nameddirs} )"
 '
0:Only string parameters are promoted to named directories
>~v1: /1
>zsh: no such user or named directory: r1
>nameddirs=( v1 /1 )
>nameddirs=( v1 /A )
>nameddirs=( v1 /A v2 /2 r2 /R )
>nameddirs=( v1 /A r2 /R )
>nameddirs=( v1 /A r2 /R )
>nameddirs=( v1 /A v2 /B r2 /R )

 unset var1 var2
 typeset -n ref1=var1
 () {
   typeset -n ref2=ref1
   typeset -n ref1=var2
   typeset -i ref2=42
   typeset -p ref1 ref2 var1 var2
 }
1:typeset reference chain to not-yet-defined variable including a hidden reference
?(anon):typeset:4: no such variable: var2
>typeset -n ref1=var2
>typeset -n ref2=ref1
>typeset -i var1=42

 typeset -n ref1
 typeset -n ref2=ref1
 () {
   typeset -n ref3=ref2
   typeset ref2=foo
   ref1=ref3
 }
1:self reference chain including a hidden reference
?(anon):3: ref3: invalid self reference

 zmodload -u zsh/random
 echo z=${(M)${(f)${ zmodload -ap}}:#*SRANDOM*}
 typeset -n ref=SRANDOM
 echo z=${(M)${(f)${ zmodload -ap}}:#*SRANDOM*}
 echo v=${ref/<->/integer}
 zmodload -u zsh/random
 echo z=${(M)${(f)${ zmodload -ap}}:#*SRANDOM*}
 echo v=${ref/<->/integer}
0:Referring and dereferring an autoload variable loads it
>z=SRANDOM (zsh/random)
>z=
>v=integer
>z=SRANDOM (zsh/random)
>v=integer

 typeset -n ref=SRANDOM
 echo v=${ref/<->/integer}
 zmodload -u zsh/random
 echo z=${(M)${(f)${ zmodload -ap}}:#*SRANDOM*}
 typeset -h SRANDOM=local-variable
 echo v=${ref/<->/integer}
 echo NOT REACHED
1:Dereferring an autoload variable fails to load it if its hidden
>v=integer
>z=SRANDOM (zsh/random)
?(eval):6: Can't add module parameter `SRANDOM': local parameter exists
?(eval):zsh/random:6: error when adding parameter `SRANDOM'
?(eval):6: autoloading module zsh/random failed to define parameter: SRANDOM

 () {
   typeset var1=var1
   typeset var2=var2
   typeset -n ref1=var1
   echo "ref1=$ref1";
   () {
     typeset -n ref1=var2
     typeset -n ref2=ref1
     echo "ref1=$ref1";
     echo "ref2=$ref2";
   }
 }
0:regression: don't follow references when computing base scope - part 1
>ref1=var1
>ref1=var2
>ref2=var2

 () {
   typeset var1=var1
   typeset -n ref1=var1
   echo ref1=$ref1;
   () {
     typeset var2=var2
     typeset -n ref1
     typeset -n ref2=ref1
     ref1=var2
     echo ref1=$ref1;
     echo ref2=$ref2;
   }
 }
0:regression: don't follow references when computing base scope - part 2
>ref1=var1
>ref1=var2
>ref2=var2

 typeset -n ref1
 typeset -n ref2=ref1;
 () {
   typeset ref2=foo
   ref1=ref2
   echo reached
 }
 echo NOT REACHED
1:incidental reference loop triggers error
>reached
*?*: ref2: invalid self reference

 typeset -A -g VAR0=(aa AA)
 typeset -n -g REF0=VAR0
 typeset -A -g var0=(aa AA)
 typeset -A var1=(aa AA)
 () {
   typeset -A var2=(aa AA)
   typeset -n ref0=var0 ref1=var1 ref2=var2
   # Test initial association
   typeset -pm VAR0 var\?
   REF0=(zz ZZ); ref0=(zz ZZ); ref1=(zz ZZ); ref2=(zz ZZ);
   typeset -pm VAR0 var\?
   # Test change from association to string
   REF0=foo; ref0=foo; ref1=foo; ref2=foo;
   typeset -pm VAR0 var\?
   REF0=bar; ref0=bar; ref1=bar; ref2=bar;
   typeset -pm VAR0 var\?
   # Test change from string to array
   REF0=(aa AA); ref0=(aa AA); ref1=(aa AA); ref2=(aa AA);
   typeset -pm VAR0 var\?
   REF0=(zz ZZ); ref0=(zz ZZ); ref1=(zz ZZ); ref2=(zz ZZ);
   typeset -pm VAR0 var\?
   # Test change from array to string
   REF0=foo; ref0=foo; ref1=foo; ref2=foo;
   typeset -pm VAR0 var\?
 }
0:type changes via assignments to references
>typeset -g -A VAR0=( [aa]=AA )
>typeset -g -A var0=( [aa]=AA )
>typeset -g -A var1=( [aa]=AA )
>typeset -A var2=( [aa]=AA )
>typeset -g -A VAR0=( [zz]=ZZ )
>typeset -g -A var0=( [zz]=ZZ )
>typeset -g -A var1=( [zz]=ZZ )
>typeset -A var2=( [zz]=ZZ )
>typeset -g VAR0=foo
>typeset -g var0=foo
>typeset -g var1=foo
>typeset var2=foo
>typeset -g VAR0=bar
>typeset -g var0=bar
>typeset -g var1=bar
>typeset var2=bar
>typeset -g -a VAR0=( aa AA )
>typeset -g -a var0=( aa AA )
>typeset -g -a var1=( aa AA )
>typeset -a var2=( aa AA )
>typeset -g -a VAR0=( zz ZZ )
>typeset -g -a var0=( zz ZZ )
>typeset -g -a var1=( zz ZZ )
>typeset -a var2=( zz ZZ )
>typeset -g VAR0=foo
>typeset -g var0=foo
>typeset -g var1=foo
>typeset var2=foo

 typeset -A -g ass0=(aa AA)
 typeset -A ass1=(aa AA)
 typeset -a -g arr0=(aa AA)
 typeset -a arr1=(aa AA)
 typeset -g str0=foo
 typeset str1=foo
 () {
   typeset -n Ass0=ass0 Ass1=ass1 Arr0=arr0 Arr1=arr1 Str0=str0 Str1=str1
   typeset ass0 ass1 arr0 arr1 str0 str1
   { Ass0=foo } always { TRY_BLOCK_ERROR=0 }; echo $?
   { Ass1=foo } always { TRY_BLOCK_ERROR=0 }; echo $?
   { Arr0=foo } always { TRY_BLOCK_ERROR=0 }; echo $?
   { Arr1=foo } always { TRY_BLOCK_ERROR=0 }; echo $?
   { Str0=(x) } always { TRY_BLOCK_ERROR=0 }; echo $?
   { Str1=(x) } always { TRY_BLOCK_ERROR=0 }; echo $?
 }
 typeset -p ass0 ass1 arr0 arr1 str0 str1
0:can't change type of hidden variables via assignments to references
>1
>1
>1
>1
>1
>1
>typeset -g -A ass0=( [aa]=AA )
>typeset -A ass1=( [aa]=AA )
>typeset -g -a arr0=( aa AA )
>typeset -a arr1=( aa AA )
>typeset -g str0=foo
>typeset str1=foo
?(anon):3: can't change type of hidden variable: ass0
?(anon):4: can't change type of hidden variable: ass1
?(anon):5: can't change type of hidden variable: arr0
?(anon):6: can't change type of hidden variable: arr1
?(anon):7: can't change type of hidden variable: str0
?(anon):8: can't change type of hidden variable: str1

 typeset -A ass=(aa AA)
 typeset -a arr=(aa AA)
 typeset -i int=42
 typeset str=foo
 typeset -n Ass=ass Arr=arr Int=int Str=str
 { typeset Ass=foo } always { TRY_BLOCK_ERROR=0 }; echo $?
 { typeset Arr=foo } always { TRY_BLOCK_ERROR=0 }; echo $?
 { typeset Int=(aa AA) } always { TRY_BLOCK_ERROR=0 }; echo $?
 { typeset Str=(aa AA) } always { TRY_BLOCK_ERROR=0 }; echo $?
 typeset -p ass arr int str
0:type changes via plain typeset to references
F:converting from association/array to string should work here too
>1
>1
>0
>0
>typeset -A ass=( [aa]=AA )
>typeset -a arr=( aa AA )
>typeset -a int=( aa AA )
>typeset -a str=( aa AA )
?(eval):typeset:6: ass: inconsistent type for assignment
?(eval):typeset:7: arr: inconsistent type for assignment

 typeset var
 typeset -n ref=var
 # Change type to string
 unset var; typeset    var=fubar; typeset    ref=barfu; typeset -p var
 unset var; typeset -i var=12345; typeset +i ref=barfu; typeset -p var
 unset var; typeset -a var=(a A); typeset +a ref=barfu; typeset -p var
 unset var; typeset -A var=(a A); typeset +A ref=barfu; typeset -p var
 # Change type to integer
 unset var; typeset    var=fubar; typeset -i ref=56789; typeset -p var
 unset var; typeset -i var=12345; typeset -i ref=56789; typeset -p var
 unset var; typeset -a var=(a A); typeset -i ref=56789; typeset -p var
 unset var; typeset -A var=(a A); typeset -i ref=56789; typeset -p var
 # Change type to array
 unset var; typeset    var=fubar; typeset -a ref=(z Z); typeset -p var
 unset var; typeset -i var=12345; typeset -a ref=(z Z); typeset -p var
 unset var; typeset -a var=(a A); typeset -a ref=(z Z); typeset -p var
 unset var; typeset -A var=(a A); typeset -a ref=(z Z); typeset -p var
 # Change type to association
 unset var; typeset    var=fubar; typeset -A ref=(z Z); typeset -p var
 unset var; typeset -i var=12345; typeset -A ref=(z Z); typeset -p var
 unset var; typeset -a var=(a A); typeset -A ref=(z Z); typeset -p var
 unset var; typeset -A var=(a A); typeset -A ref=(z Z); typeset -p var
0:type changes via typed typeset to references
>typeset var=barfu
>typeset var=barfu
>typeset var=barfu
>typeset var=barfu
>typeset -i var=56789
>typeset -i var=56789
>typeset -i var=56789
>typeset -i var=56789
>typeset -a var=( z Z )
>typeset -a var=( z Z )
>typeset -a var=( z Z )
>typeset -a var=( z Z )
>typeset -A var=( [z]=Z )
>typeset -A var=( [z]=Z )
>typeset -A var=( [z]=Z )
>typeset -A var=( [z]=Z )

 typeset ptr1=foo
 () {
   typeset -n ptr1
   typeset -n ptr2=ptr1
   ptr1=ptr2
   echo ptr1=$ptr1
 }
1:regression: reference loop with same name enclosing variable
?(anon):3: ptr2: invalid self reference

 typeset var=foo
 typeset -n ref=var
 () {
   typeset -n ref
   ref=""
   ref=ref
   echo $ref
 }
0:reference always prefers enclosing variable over itself
>foo

 typeset -n ref1
 () {
   typeset -n ref2=ref3
   ref1=ref2
   typeset -nu ref3=ref1
 }
1:self reference via upper reference
?(anon):3: ref1: invalid self reference

 # The call to "test-setting-ref 'ref$N=str'" expands to the
 # equivalent of the following:
 #
 # # Test uninitialized references
 # typeset -g -n ref0          ;                ref0=str; typeset -p ref0; unset -n ref0
 # typeset -g -n ref0 ref1=ref0;                ref1=str; typeset -p ref0; unset -n ref0 ref1
 # typeset    -n ref0          ;                ref0=str; typeset -p ref0; unset -n ref0
 # typeset    -n ref0 ref1=ref0;                ref1=str; typeset -p ref0; unset -n ref0 ref1
 # # Test unset references
 # typeset -g -n ref0          ; unset -n ref0; ref0=str; typeset -p ref0; unset -n ref0
 # ...
 # # Test references to not-yet-defined variables
 # typeset -g -n ref0=var      ;                ref0=str; typeset -p var ; unset -n ref0 var
 # ...
 test-setting-ref 'ref$N=str'
0:assign not fully defined reference with string
># i:uninitialized reference - global - ref0
>typeset -g -n ref0=str
># i:uninitialized reference - global - ref1
>typeset -g -n ref0=str
># i:uninitialized reference - local - ref0
>typeset -n ref0=str
># i:uninitialized reference - local - ref1
>typeset -n ref0=str
># s:unset reference - global - ref0
>typeset -g ref0=str
># s:unset reference - global - ref1
>typeset -g ref0=str
># s:unset reference - local - ref0
>typeset ref0=str
># s:unset reference - local - ref1
>typeset ref0=str
># d:reference to not-yet-defined - global - ref0
>typeset -g var=str
># d:reference to not-yet-defined - global - ref1
>typeset -g var=str
># d:reference to not-yet-defined - local - ref0
>typeset -g var=str
># d:reference to not-yet-defined - local - ref1
>typeset -g var=str

 test-setting-ref 'ref$N=( foo bar )'
0:assign not fully defined reference with array
># i:uninitialized reference - global - ref0
>(eval):1: ref0: can't change type of a named reference
>typeset -g -n ref0
># i:uninitialized reference - global - ref1
>(eval):1: ref1: can't change type of a named reference
>typeset -g -n ref0
># i:uninitialized reference - local - ref0
>(eval):1: ref0: can't change type of a named reference
>typeset -n ref0
># i:uninitialized reference - local - ref1
>(eval):1: ref1: can't change type of a named reference
>typeset -n ref0
># s:unset reference - global - ref0
>typeset -g -a ref0=( foo bar )
># s:unset reference - global - ref1
>typeset -g -a ref0=( foo bar )
># s:unset reference - local - ref0
>typeset -a ref0=( foo bar )
># s:unset reference - local - ref1
>typeset -a ref0=( foo bar )
># d:reference to not-yet-defined - global - ref0
>typeset -g -a var=( foo bar )
># d:reference to not-yet-defined - global - ref1
>typeset -g -a var=( foo bar )
># d:reference to not-yet-defined - local - ref0
>typeset -g -a var=( foo bar )
># d:reference to not-yet-defined - local - ref1
>typeset -g -a var=( foo bar )

 test-setting-ref 'typeset $G ref$N=str'
0:typeset not fully defined reference with string
># i:uninitialized reference - global - ref0
>typeset -g -n ref0=str
># i:uninitialized reference - global - ref1
>typeset -g -n ref0=str
># i:uninitialized reference - local - ref0
>typeset -n ref0=str
># i:uninitialized reference - local - ref1
>typeset -n ref0=str
># s:unset reference - global - ref0
>typeset -g ref0=str
># s:unset reference - global - ref1
>typeset -g ref0=str
># s:unset reference - local - ref0
>typeset ref0=str
># s:unset reference - local - ref1
>typeset ref0=str
># d:reference to not-yet-defined - global - ref0
>typeset -g var=str
># d:reference to not-yet-defined - global - ref1
>typeset -g var=str
># d:reference to not-yet-defined - local - ref0
>typeset var=str
># d:reference to not-yet-defined - local - ref1
>typeset var=str

 test-setting-ref 'typeset $G -a ref$N=( foo bar )'
0:typeset not fully defined reference with array
># i:uninitialized reference - global - ref0
>(eval):typeset:1: ref0: can't change type of a named reference
>typeset -g -n ref0
># i:uninitialized reference - global - ref1
>(eval):typeset:1: ref0: can't change type of a named reference
>typeset -g -n ref0
># i:uninitialized reference - local - ref0
>(eval):typeset:1: ref0: can't change type of a named reference
>typeset -n ref0
># i:uninitialized reference - local - ref1
>(eval):typeset:1: ref0: can't change type of a named reference
>typeset -n ref0
># s:unset reference - global - ref0
>typeset -g -a ref0=( foo bar )
># s:unset reference - global - ref1
>typeset -g -a ref0=( foo bar )
># s:unset reference - local - ref0
>typeset -a ref0=( foo bar )
># s:unset reference - local - ref1
>typeset -a ref0=( foo bar )
># d:reference to not-yet-defined - global - ref0
>typeset -g -a var=( foo bar )
># d:reference to not-yet-defined - global - ref1
>typeset -g -a var=( foo bar )
># d:reference to not-yet-defined - local - ref0
>typeset -a var=( foo bar )
># d:reference to not-yet-defined - local - ref1
>typeset -a var=( foo bar )

 typeset i42=42
 test-setting-ref 'typeset $G -i ref$N=i42'
0:typeset not fully defined reference with integer
># i:uninitialized reference - global - ref0
>(eval):typeset:1: ref0: can't change type of a named reference
>typeset -g -n ref0
># i:uninitialized reference - global - ref1
>(eval):typeset:1: ref0: can't change type of a named reference
>typeset -g -n ref0
># i:uninitialized reference - local - ref0
>(eval):typeset:1: ref0: can't change type of a named reference
>typeset -n ref0
># i:uninitialized reference - local - ref1
>(eval):typeset:1: ref0: can't change type of a named reference
>typeset -n ref0
># s:unset reference - global - ref0
>typeset -g -i ref0=42
># s:unset reference - global - ref1
>typeset -g -i ref0=42
># s:unset reference - local - ref0
>typeset -i ref0=42
># s:unset reference - local - ref1
>typeset -i ref0=42
># d:reference to not-yet-defined - global - ref0
>typeset -g -i var=42
># d:reference to not-yet-defined - global - ref1
>typeset -g -i var=42
># d:reference to not-yet-defined - local - ref0
>typeset -i var=42
># d:reference to not-yet-defined - local - ref1
>typeset -i var=42

 test-unset() {
   typeset var0=foo
   typeset -n ref1=var0 ref2=ref1
   typeset cmd=(unset $@); echo "#" $cmd; $cmd
   typeset -p var0 ref1 ref2
 }
 test-unset -n    ref1
 test-unset -n    ref2
 test-unset -n -m ref1
 test-unset -n -m ref2
 unfunction test-unset
0:unsetting references with -n unsets the references
># unset -n ref1
>typeset var0=foo
>typeset -n ref2=ref1
># unset -n ref2
>typeset var0=foo
>typeset -n ref1=var0
># unset -n -m ref1
>typeset var0=foo
>typeset -n ref2=ref1
># unset -n -m ref2
>typeset var0=foo
>typeset -n ref1=var0

 test-unset() {
   typeset var0=foo
   typeset -n ref1=var0 ref2=ref1
   typeset cmd=(unset $@); echo "#" $cmd; $cmd
   typeset -p var0 ref1 ref2
 }
 test-unset    ref1
 test-unset    ref2
 test-unset -m ref1
 test-unset -m ref2
 unfunction test-unset
0:unsetting references without -n unsets the referred parameters
># unset ref1
>typeset -n ref1=var0
>typeset -n ref2=ref1
># unset ref2
>typeset -n ref1=var0
>typeset -n ref2=ref1
># unset -m ref1
>typeset -n ref1=var0
>typeset -n ref2=ref1
># unset -m ref2
>typeset -n ref1=var0
>typeset -n ref2=ref1

 test-unset() {
   typeset var0=12345
   typeset -n ref1=var0 ref2=ref1
   typeset cmd=(unset $@); echo "#" $cmd; $cmd
   typeset -p var0
 }
 test-unset    ref1"[3]"
 test-unset    ref2"[3]"
 test-unset -n ref1"[3]"
 test-unset -n ref2"[3]"
 unfunction test-unset
0:unsetting subscripted references unsets the referred elements
># unset ref1[3]
>typeset var0=1245
># unset ref2[3]
>typeset var0=1245
># unset -n ref1[3]
>typeset var0=1245
># unset -n ref2[3]
>typeset var0=1245

 test-unset() {
   typeset -r var=foo
   typeset -n ref=var
   typeset cmd=(unset $@); echo "#" $cmd; { $cmd 2>&1 } always { TRY_BLOCK_ERROR=0 }
   typeset -p var
 }
 test-unset    var
 test-unset -m var
 test-unset    ref
 test-unset -m ref
 test-unset    var"[2]"
 test-unset    ref"[2]"
 test-unset -n ref"[2]"
 unfunction test-unset
0:unsetting read-only parameter triggers an error
># unset var
>test-unset:3: read-only variable: var
>typeset -r var=foo
># unset -m var
>test-unset:3: read-only variable: var
>typeset -r var=foo
># unset ref
>test-unset:3: read-only variable: var
>typeset -r var=foo
># unset -m ref
>test-unset:3: read-only variable: var
>typeset -r var=foo
># unset var[2]
>test-unset:3: read-only variable: var
>typeset -r var=foo
># unset ref[2]
>test-unset:3: read-only variable: var
>typeset -r var=foo
># unset -n ref[2]
>test-unset:3: read-only variable: var
>typeset -r var=foo

 test-unset() {
   typeset -n ref1 ref2=ref1
   typeset cmd=(unset $@); echo "#" $cmd; $cmd
   typeset -p ref1 ref2
 }
 test-unset    ref1
 test-unset    ref2
 test-unset -m ref1
 test-unset -m ref2
 unfunction test-unset
0:unsetting placeholder references or their referents has no effect
># unset ref1
>typeset -n ref1
>typeset -n ref2=ref1
># unset ref2
>typeset -n ref1
>typeset -n ref2=ref1
># unset -m ref1
>typeset -n ref1
>typeset -n ref2=ref1
># unset -m ref2
>typeset -n ref1
>typeset -n ref2=ref1

 test-unset() {
   typeset -n ref1=undefined ref2=ref1
   typeset cmd=(unset $@); echo "#" $cmd; $cmd
   typeset -p ref1 ref2
 }
 typeset -p undefined 2>&1
 test-unset    ref1
 test-unset    ref2
 test-unset -m ref1
 test-unset -m ref2
 unfunction test-unset
0:unsetting references to not-yet-defined variables or their referents has no effect
>(eval):typeset:6: no such variable: undefined
># unset ref1
>typeset -n ref1=undefined
>typeset -n ref2=ref1
># unset ref2
>typeset -n ref1=undefined
>typeset -n ref2=ref1
># unset -m ref1
>typeset -n ref1=undefined
>typeset -n ref2=ref1
># unset -m ref2
>typeset -n ref1=undefined
>typeset -n ref2=ref1

 test-unset() {
   typeset -n refg1=g1 refl1=l1
   () {
     typeset -g g1=glb1 g2=glb2
     typeset    l1=lcl1 l2=lcl2
     () {
       typeset -n refg2=g2 refl2=l2
       typeset cmd=(unset $@ refg1 refg2 refl1 refl2); echo "#" $cmd; $cmd
     } $@
     typeset -p g1 g2 l1 l2 2>&1
   } $@
   unset g1 g2
 }
 test-unset
 test-unset -m
 unfunction test-unset
0:unsetting references referring to parameters in enclosing scopes unsets the parameters
># unset refg1 refg2 refl1 refl2
>(anon):typeset:7: no such variable: g1
>(anon):typeset:7: no such variable: g2
># unset -m refg1 refg2 refl1 refl2
>(anon):typeset:7: no such variable: g1
>(anon):typeset:7: no such variable: g2

 test-unset() {
   typeset -g g=glb
   typeset    l=lcl
   typeset -n refg=g refl=l
   () {
     typeset g=hide-g
     typeset l=hide-l
     typeset cmd=(unset $@ refg refl); echo "#" $cmd; $cmd
     echo "# inner scope"
     typeset -p g l 2>&1
   } $@
   echo "# outer scope"
   typeset -p g l 2>&1
   unset g
 }
 test-unset
 test-unset -m
 unfunction test-unset
0:unsetting references referring to hidden parameters unsets the hidden parameters
># unset refg refl
># inner scope
>typeset g=hide-g
>typeset l=hide-l
># outer scope
>test-unset:typeset:12: no such variable: g
># unset -m refg refl
># inner scope
>typeset g=hide-g
>typeset l=hide-l
># outer scope
>test-unset:typeset:12: no such variable: g

 typeset -n ref1
 typeset -n ref2
 typeset -n ref3=ref2
 typeset var=aaa
 () {
   typeset -i ref2=123 # Hides the reference ref2 in this scope and nested scopes
   typeset var=bbb
   () {
     typeset var=ccc
     ref1=var
     ref3=var # From now on ref1 and ref3 should always refer to the same variable
     echo A:ref1=$ref1 ref2=$ref2 ref3=$ref3
   } # Both top-level references ref1 and ref2 should be rebound
   echo B:ref1=$ref1 ref2=$ref2 ref3=$ref3
   () {
     typeset var=ddd # No reference should refer to this variable
     echo C:ref1=$ref1 ref2=$ref2 ref3=$ref3
   }
   echo D:ref1=$ref1 ref2=$ref2 ref3=$ref3
 } # Both top-level references ref1 and ref2 should be rebound
 echo E:ref1=$ref1 ref2=$ref2 ref3=$ref3
 () {
   typeset var=eee # No reference should refer to this variable
   echo F:ref1=$ref1 ref2=$ref2 ref3=$ref3
 }
 echo G:ref1=$ref1 ref2=$ref2 ref3=$ref3
0:hidden reference refers to a nested variable
>A:ref1=ccc ref2=123 ref3=ccc
>B:ref1=bbb ref2=123 ref3=bbb
>C:ref1=bbb ref2=123 ref3=bbb
>D:ref1=bbb ref2=123 ref3=bbb
>E:ref1=aaa ref2=aaa ref3=aaa
>F:ref1=aaa ref2=aaa ref3=aaa
>G:ref1=aaa ref2=aaa ref3=aaa

 typeset ref
 typeset var1=var1@scope1
 typeset var2=var2@scope1
 () { # enter scope 2
   typeset var1=var1@scope2
   typeset var2=var2@scope2
   typeset -g -n ref=var1; echo A:$ref # ref added to scope 2
   typeset -g -n ref=var2; echo B:$ref # ref added to scope 2
   () { # enter scope 3
     typeset var1=var1@scope3
     typeset -g -n ref=var1; echo C:$ref # ref added to scope 3
     () { # enter scope 4
       typeset var1=var1@scope4
       typeset var2=var2@scope4
       typeset -g -n ref=var1; echo D:$ref # ref added to scope 4
       typeset -g -n ref=var2; echo E:$ref # ref added to scope 4
     } # leave scope 4: ref rebound to var2 in scope 2 and added to scope 2
     echo F:$ref
   } # leave scope 3: ref remains bound to var2 in scope 2
   echo G:$ref
   unset -n ref # ref is unset
   echo H:$ref
 } # leave scope 2: ref remains unset
 echo I:$ref
0:reference refers successively to multiple variables in multiple nested scopes
>A:var1@scope2
>B:var2@scope2
>C:var1@scope3
>D:var1@scope4
>E:var2@scope4
>F:var2@scope2
>G:var2@scope2
>H:
>I:

 typeset ref
 () { # enter scope 2
   typeset var=var
   typeset -g -n ref=var; echo A:$ref # ref added to scope 2
   unset -n ref
   typeset -g -i16 ref=255; echo B:$ref # ref becomes an integer in base 16
 } # leave scope 2: ref remains an integer in base 16
 echo C:$ref
0:reference referring to a nested variable becomes an integer
>A:var
>B:16#FF
>C:16#FF

 show() { printf "%-13s: %-3s - %-3s - %-3s\n" "$@" }
 typeset var=aaa
 typeset -n refU refN="" refS=var
 show '${refX}'       ${(q!)refU}       ${(q!)refN}       ${(q!)refS}
 show '${+refX}'      ${(q!)+refU}      ${(q!)+refN}      ${(q!)+refS}
 show '${refX+1}'     ${(q!)refU+1}     ${(q!)refN+1}     ${(q!)refS+1}
 show '${refX:+1}'    ${(q!)refU:+1}    ${(q!)refN:+1}    ${(q!)refS:+1}
 echo
 show '${refX-bbb}'   ${(q!)refU-bbb}   ${(q!)refN-bbb}   ${(q!)refS-bbb}
 show '${refX=bbb}'   ${(q!)refU=bbb}   ${(q!)refN=bbb}   ${(q!)refS=bbb}
 show '${refX}'       ${(q!)refU}       ${(q!)refN}       ${(q!)refS}
 show '${var}'        ${var}
 echo
 typeset -n refU refN="" refS=var
 show '${refX:-ccc}'  ${(q!)refU:-ccc}  ${(q!)refN:-ccc}  ${(q!)refS:-ccc}
 show '${refX:=ccc}'  ${(q!)refU:=ccc}  ${(q!)refN:=ccc}  ${(q!)refS:=ccc}
 show '${refX}'       ${(q!)refU}       ${(q!)refN}       ${(q!)refS}
 show '${var}'        ${var}
 echo
 typeset -n refU refN="" refS=var
 show '${refX::=ddd}' ${(q!)refU::=ddd} ${(q!)refN::=ddd} ${(q!)refS::=ddd}
 show '${refX}'       ${(q!)refU}       ${(q!)refN}       ${(q!)refS}
 show '${var}'        ${var}
 unfunction show
0:reference itself is examined in substitutions with the ! flag
>${refX}      : ''  - ''  - var
>${+refX}     : 0   - 1   - 1  
>${refX+1}    : ''  - 1   - 1  
>${refX:+1}   : ''  - ''  - 1  
>
>${refX-bbb}  : bbb - ''  - var
>${refX=bbb}  : bbb - ''  - var
>${refX}      : bbb - ''  - var
>${var}       : aaa -     -    
>
>${refX:-ccc} : ccc - ccc - var
>${refX:=ccc} : ccc - ccc - var
>${refX}      : ccc - ccc - var
>${var}       : aaa -     -    
>
>${refX::=ddd}: ddd - ddd - ddd
>${refX}      : ddd - ddd - ddd
>${var}       : aaa -     -    

 typeset -n ref1
 setopt allexport
 ref1=var
 typeset -n ref2
 unsetopt allexport
 typeset -p ref1 ref2
0:references are not exported
>typeset -n ref1=var
>typeset -n ref2

 typeset -hn ref_h
 typeset -Hn ref_H
0:unsusual but legal option combinations

 typeset str0=abc
 typeset -a arr0=(aa bb cc)
 typeset -A hsh0=([0]=aa [1]=bb [2]=cc)
 typeset -n str1=str0 arr1=arr0 hsh1=hsh0
 typeset -n str2=str1 arr2=arr1 hsh2=hsh1
 emulate ksh -c '
   echo "${str0} - ${str1} - ${str2}"
   echo "${str0[1]} - ${str1[1]} - ${str2[1]}"
   echo "${str0[1,2]} - ${str1[1,2]} - ${str2[1,2]}"
   echo "${str0[@]} - ${str1[@]} - ${str2[@]}"
   echo "${arr0} - ${arr1} - ${arr2}"
   echo "${arr0[1]} - ${arr1[1]} - ${arr2[1]}"
   echo "${arr0[1,2]} - ${arr1[1,2]} - ${arr2[1,2]}"
   echo "${arr0[@]} - ${arr1[@]} - ${arr2[@]}"
   echo "${hsh0} - ${hsh1} - ${hsh2}"
   echo "${hsh0[1]} - ${hsh1[1]} - ${hsh2[1]}"
   echo "${hsh0[@]} - ${hsh1[@]} - ${hsh2[@]}"
   echo
   echo "${!str0} - ${!str1} - ${!str2}"
   echo "${!str0[1]} - ${!str1[1]} - ${!str2[1]}"
   echo "${!str0[1,2]} - ${!str1[1,2]} - ${!str2[1,2]}"
   echo "${!str0[@]} - ${!str1[@]} - ${!str2[@]}"
   echo "${!arr0} - ${!arr1} - ${!arr2}"
   echo "${!arr0[1]} - ${!arr1[1]} - ${!arr2[1]}"
   echo "$(exec 2>&1; echo ${!arr0[1,2]}) - $(exec 2>&1; echo ${!arr1[1,2]}) - $(exec 2>&1; echo ${!arr2[1,2]})"
   echo "${!arr0[@]} - ${!arr1[@]} - ${!arr2[@]}"
   echo "${!hsh0} - ${!hsh1} - ${!hsh2}"
   echo "${!hsh0[1]} - ${!hsh1[1]} - ${!hsh2[1]}"
   echo "${!hsh0[@]} - ${!hsh1[@]} - ${!hsh2[@]}"
 '
0:emulation of ksh's bang always dereferences the expanded parameter
>abc - abc - abc
>b - b - b
>bc - bc - bc
>abc - abc - abc
>aa - aa - aa
>bb - bb - bb
>bb cc - bb cc - bb cc
>aa bb cc - aa bb cc - aa bb cc
>aa - aa - aa
>bb - bb - bb
>aa bb cc - aa bb cc - aa bb cc
>
>abc - abc - abc
>b - b - b
>bc - bc - bc
>abc - abc - abc
>aa - aa - aa
>1 - 1 - 1
>(eval):6: invalid subscript - (eval):6: invalid subscript - (eval):6: invalid subscript
>aa bb cc - aa bb cc - aa bb cc
>aa - aa - aa
>1 - 1 - 1
>0 1 2 - 0 1 2 - 0 1 2

%clean