54594: fix two very similar coverity issues

Coverity CID 1255838 stack buffer overflow in execute()
Coverity CID 1255846 stack buffer overflow in findcmd()

This can be triggered by inserting long entries manually, then using
=foo expansion. Unfortunately, it is also possible to overflow buf by
importing a PATH entry that's over 4xPATH_MAX characters long.

There was also some related confusion about how long a path can be and
when/how to check the length of metafied strings, so fix all that up
too. Use MAXCMDLEN (which is PATH_MAX*4) for metafied strings, though
this is a little overkill, metafication can only double the length. We
do not at least need the +1 at the end. PATH_MAX includes the
terminating nul byte, so we make sure to not be off-by-one on our ztrlen
checks too.

The hunks in execute() are quite specific about the ztrlen length so it
can continue checking or return the correct error, while findcmd() just
relies on RET_IF_COM to work correctly instead.

Somewhat unrelated change that snuck in, return 127 when the command is
too long like the other exec failures, because I had to add a new
return anyway.

2 files changed, 58 insertions, 26 deletions

diff --git a/ChangeLog b/ChangeLog
index 857da0495..fc5c72299 100644
--- a/ChangeLog
+++ b/ChangeLog
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 2026-05-25  Mikael Magnusson  <mikachu@gmail.com>
 
+	* 54594: Src/exec.c: fix two very similar coverity issues
+
 	* 54593: Src/Zle/compmatch.c: fix two edge cases in join_strs
 
 	* 54592: Src/Zle/computil.c, Src/module.c: fix two dead
diff --git a/Src/exec.c b/Src/exec.c
index 2c730b910..cff688a2a 100644
--- a/Src/exec.c
+++ b/Src/exec.c
@@ -724,7 +724,7 @@ static void
 execute(LinkList args, int flags, int defpath)
 {
     Cmdnam cn;
-    char buf[MAXCMDLEN+1], buf2[MAXCMDLEN+1];
+    char buf[MAXCMDLEN], buf2[MAXCMDLEN];
     char *s, *z, *arg0;
     char **argv, **pp, **newenvp = NULL;
     int eno = 0, ee;
@@ -785,9 +785,9 @@ execute(LinkList args, int flags, int defpath)
     }
 #endif
     child_unblock();
-    if ((int) strlen(arg0) >= PATH_MAX) {
+    if ((int) ztrlen(arg0) >= PATH_MAX) {
 	zerr("command too long: %s", arg0);
-	_exit(1);
+	_exit(127);
     }
     for (s = arg0; *s; s++)
 	if (*s == '/') {
@@ -803,10 +803,10 @@ execute(LinkList args, int flags, int defpath)
 
     /* for command -p, search the default path */
     if (defpath) {
-	char pbuf[PATH_MAX+1];
+	char pbuf[MAXCMDLEN];
 	char *dptr;
 
-	if (!search_defpath(arg0, pbuf, PATH_MAX)) {
+	if (!search_defpath(arg0, pbuf, MAXCMDLEN)) {
 	    if (commandnotfound(arg0, args) == 0)
 		_realexit();
 	    zerr("command not found: %s", arg0);
@@ -823,28 +823,43 @@ execute(LinkList args, int flags, int defpath)
     } else {
 
 	if ((cn = (Cmdnam) cmdnamtab->getnode(cmdnamtab, arg0))) {
-	    char nn[PATH_MAX+1], *dptr;
+	    char nn[MAXCMDLEN], *dptr;
 
-	    if (cn->node.flags & HASHED)
-		strcpy(nn, cn->u.cmd);
-	    else {
-		for (pp = path; pp < cn->u.name; pp++)
+	    if (cn->node.flags & HASHED) {
+		if (snprintf(nn, sizeof(nn), "%s", cn->u.cmd) >= (int)sizeof(nn) ||
+		    ztrlen(nn) >= PATH_MAX)
+		{
+		    zerr("command too long: %s", arg0);
+		    _exit(127);
+		}
+	    } else {
+		for (pp = path; pp < cn->u.name; pp++) {
 		    if (!**pp || (**pp == '.' && (*pp)[1] == '\0')) {
 			ee = zexecve(arg0, argv, newenvp);
 			if (isgooderr(ee, *pp))
 			    eno = ee;
 		    } else if (**pp != '/') {
 			z = buf;
-			strucpy(&z, *pp);
+			struncpy(&z, *pp, sizeof(buf) - 1);
 			*z++ = '/';
+			if ((z - buf) + strlen(arg0) >= sizeof(buf))
+			    continue;
 			strcpy(z, arg0);
+			if (ztrlen(buf) >= PATH_MAX)
+			    continue;
 			ee = zexecve(buf, argv, newenvp);
 			if (isgooderr(ee, *pp))
 			    eno = ee;
 		    }
-		strcpy(nn, cn->u.name ? *(cn->u.name) : "");
-		strcat(nn, "/");
-		strcat(nn, cn->node.nam);
+		}
+		if (snprintf(nn, sizeof(nn), "%s/%s",
+			     cn->u.name ? *(cn->u.name) : "",
+			     cn->node.nam) >= (int)sizeof(nn) ||
+		    ztrlen(nn) >= PATH_MAX)
+		{
+		    eno = ENAMETOOLONG;
+		    goto execute_skip_exec;
+		}
 	    }
 	    ee = zexecve(nn, argv, newenvp);
 
@@ -853,6 +868,7 @@ execute(LinkList args, int flags, int defpath)
 	    if (isgooderr(ee, *nn ? nn : "/"))
 		eno = ee;
 	}
+execute_skip_exec:
 	for (pp = path; *pp; pp++)
 	    if (!(*pp)[0] || ((*pp)[0] == '.' && !(*pp)[1])) {
 		ee = zexecve(arg0, argv, newenvp);
@@ -860,9 +876,13 @@ execute(LinkList args, int flags, int defpath)
 		    eno = ee;
 	    } else {
 		z = buf;
-		strucpy(&z, *pp);
+		struncpy(&z, *pp, sizeof(buf) - 1);
 		*z++ = '/';
+		if ((z - buf) + strlen(arg0) >= sizeof(buf))
+		    continue;
 		strcpy(z, arg0);
+		if (ztrlen(buf) >= PATH_MAX)
+		    continue;
 		ee = zexecve(buf, argv, newenvp);
 		if (isgooderr(ee, *pp))
 		    eno = ee;
@@ -910,7 +930,7 @@ findcmd(char *arg0, int docopy, int default_path)
     cn = (Cmdnam) cmdnamtab->getnode(cmdnamtab, arg0);
     if (!cn && isset(HASHCMDS) && !isrelative(arg0))
 	cn = hashcmd(arg0, path);
-    if ((int) strlen(arg0) > PATH_MAX)
+    if ((int) ztrlen(arg0) >= PATH_MAX)
 	return NULL;
     if ((s = strchr(arg0, '/'))) {
 	RET_IF_COM(arg0);
@@ -920,32 +940,42 @@ findcmd(char *arg0, int docopy, int default_path)
 	}
     }
     if (cn) {
-	char nn[PATH_MAX+1];
+	char nn[MAXCMDLEN];
 
-	if (cn->node.flags & HASHED)
-	    strcpy(nn, cn->u.cmd);
-	else {
-	    for (pp = path; pp < cn->u.name; pp++)
+	if (cn->node.flags & HASHED) {
+	    if (snprintf(nn, sizeof(nn), "%s", cn->u.cmd) >= (int)sizeof(nn)) {
+		nn[0] = '\0';
+	    }
+	} else {
+	    for (pp = path; pp < cn->u.name; pp++) {
 		if (**pp != '/') {
 		    z = buf;
 		    if (**pp) {
-			strucpy(&z, *pp);
+			struncpy(&z, *pp, sizeof(buf) - 1);
 			*z++ = '/';
+			if ((z - buf) + strlen(arg0) >= sizeof(buf))
+			    continue;
 		    }
 		    strcpy(z, arg0);
 		    RET_IF_COM(buf);
 		}
-	    strcpy(nn, cn->u.name ? *(cn->u.name) : "");
-	    strcat(nn, "/");
-	    strcat(nn, cn->node.nam);
+	    }
+	    if (snprintf(nn, sizeof(nn), "%s/%s",
+			 cn->u.name ? *(cn->u.name) : "",
+			 cn->node.nam) >= (int)sizeof(nn))
+	    {
+		nn[0] = '\0';
+	    }
 	}
 	RET_IF_COM(nn);
     }
     for (pp = path; *pp; pp++) {
 	z = buf;
 	if (**pp) {
-	    strucpy(&z, *pp);
+	    struncpy(&z, *pp, sizeof(buf) - 1);
 	    *z++ = '/';
+	    if ((z - buf) + strlen(arg0) >= sizeof(buf))
+		continue;
 	}
 	strcpy(z, arg0);
 	RET_IF_COM(buf);