refactor!: consolidate Lua registry sources and the Package API (#1498)

**This removes the following APIs:**
- `Package:check_new_version()`. Instead use the new `Package:get_latest_version()`.

**This has a breaking change in the following APIs:**
- `Package:get_installed_version()` now no longer takes a callback but instead returns the installed version or `nil` if
  not installed.

<details>
<summary>To handle these breaking changes in plugins, leverage the `mason.version` module, for example:</summary>

```lua
local mason_version = require("mason.version")
local registry = require("mason-registry")
local pkg = registry.get_package("rust-analyzer")

if mason_version.MAJOR_VERSION < 2 then
    -- before
    pkg:check_new_version(function (success, new_version)
        -- …
    end)
    pkg:get_installed_version(function (success, installed_version)
        -- …
    end)
else
    -- after
    local new_version = pkg:get_latest_version()
    local installed_version = pkg:get_installed_version()
fi
```

</details>

---

<details>
<summary>This change also introduces breaking changes for Lua registry sources, by consolidating the package schema with the
registry.</summary>

The following is an example of a package defined in a Lua registry, following the new schema:

```lua
local Pkg = require("mason-core.package")

return Pkg.new {
    schema = "registry+v1",
    name = "ripgrep",
    description = "ripgrep recursively searches directories for a regex pattern while respecting your gitignore.",
    homepage = "https://github.com/BurntSushi/ripgrep",
    licenses = { Pkg.License.MIT },
    languages = {},
    categories = {},
    source = {
        id = "pkg:mason/ripgrep@13.0.0",
        ---@param ctx InstallContext
        ---@param purl Purl
        install = function(ctx, purl)
            -- Arbitrary installation code.
        end,
    },
    bin = {
        rg = "./bin/rg",
    },
}
```

</details>

1 files changed, 0 insertions, 80 deletions

diff --git a/lua/mason-core/package/version-check.lua b/lua/mason-core/package/version-check.lua
deleted file mode 100644
index 66d9ad13..00000000
--- a/lua/mason-core/package/version-check.lua
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-local Result = require "mason-core.result"
-local cargo = require "mason-core.managers.cargo"
-local composer = require "mason-core.managers.composer"
-local gem = require "mason-core.managers.gem"
-local git = require "mason-core.managers.git"
-local github = require "mason-core.managers.github"
-local go = require "mason-core.managers.go"
-local log = require "mason-core.log"
-local luarocks = require "mason-core.managers.luarocks"
-local npm = require "mason-core.managers.npm"
-local pip3 = require "mason-core.managers.pip3"
-
----@param field_name string
-local function version_in_receipt(field_name)
-    ---@param receipt InstallReceipt
-    ---@return Result
-    return function(receipt)
-        return Result.success(receipt.primary_source[field_name])
-    end
-end
-
----@type table<InstallReceiptSourceType, async fun(receipt: InstallReceipt, install_dir: string): Result>
-local get_installed_version_by_type = {
-    ["npm"] = npm.get_installed_primary_package_version,
-    ["pip3"] = pip3.get_installed_primary_package_version,
-    ["gem"] = gem.get_installed_primary_package_version,
-    ["cargo"] = cargo.get_installed_primary_package_version,
-    ["composer"] = composer.get_installed_primary_package_version,
-    ["git"] = git.get_installed_revision,
-    ["go"] = go.get_installed_primary_package_version,
-    ["luarocks"] = luarocks.get_installed_primary_package_version,
-    ["github_release_file"] = version_in_receipt "release",
-    ["github_release"] = version_in_receipt "release",
-    ["github_tag"] = version_in_receipt "tag",
-}
-
----@class NewPackageVersion
----@field name string
----@field current_version string
----@field latest_version string
-
-local get_new_version_by_type = {
-    ["npm"] = npm.check_outdated_primary_package,
-    ["pip3"] = pip3.check_outdated_primary_package,
-    ["git"] = git.check_outdated_git_clone,
-    ["cargo"] = cargo.check_outdated_primary_package,
-    ["composer"] = composer.check_outdated_primary_package,
-    ["gem"] = gem.check_outdated_primary_package,
-    ["go"] = go.check_outdated_primary_package,
-    ["luarocks"] = luarocks.check_outdated_primary_package,
-    ["github_release_file"] = github.check_outdated_primary_package_release,
-    ["github_release"] = github.check_outdated_primary_package_release,
-    ["github_tag"] = github.check_outdated_primary_package_tag,
-}
-
----@param provider_mapping table<string, async fun(receipt: InstallReceipt, install_dir: string): Result>
-local function version_check(provider_mapping)
-    ---@param receipt InstallReceipt
-    ---@param install_dir string
-    return function(receipt, install_dir)
-        local check = provider_mapping[receipt.primary_source.type]
-        if not check then
-            return Result.failure(
-                ("Packages installed via %s does not yet support version check."):format(receipt.primary_source.type)
-            )
-        end
-        return check(receipt, install_dir)
-            :on_success(function(version)
-                log.debug("Version check", version)
-            end)
-            :on_failure(function(failure)
-                log.debug("Version check failed", tostring(failure))
-            end)
-    end
-end
-
-return {
-    get_installed_version = version_check(get_installed_version_by_type),
-    get_new_version = version_check(get_new_version_by_type),
-}