refactor!: consolidate Lua registry sources and the Package API (#1498)

**This removes the following APIs:**
- `Package:check_new_version()`. Instead use the new `Package:get_latest_version()`.

**This has a breaking change in the following APIs:**
- `Package:get_installed_version()` now no longer takes a callback but instead returns the installed version or `nil` if
  not installed.

<details>
<summary>To handle these breaking changes in plugins, leverage the `mason.version` module, for example:</summary>

```lua
local mason_version = require("mason.version")
local registry = require("mason-registry")
local pkg = registry.get_package("rust-analyzer")

if mason_version.MAJOR_VERSION < 2 then
    -- before
    pkg:check_new_version(function (success, new_version)
        -- …
    end)
    pkg:get_installed_version(function (success, installed_version)
        -- …
    end)
else
    -- after
    local new_version = pkg:get_latest_version()
    local installed_version = pkg:get_installed_version()
fi
```

</details>

---

<details>
<summary>This change also introduces breaking changes for Lua registry sources, by consolidating the package schema with the
registry.</summary>

The following is an example of a package defined in a Lua registry, following the new schema:

```lua
local Pkg = require("mason-core.package")

return Pkg.new {
    schema = "registry+v1",
    name = "ripgrep",
    description = "ripgrep recursively searches directories for a regex pattern while respecting your gitignore.",
    homepage = "https://github.com/BurntSushi/ripgrep",
    licenses = { Pkg.License.MIT },
    languages = {},
    categories = {},
    source = {
        id = "pkg:mason/ripgrep@13.0.0",
        ---@param ctx InstallContext
        ---@param purl Purl
        install = function(ctx, purl)
            -- Arbitrary installation code.
        end,
    },
    bin = {
        rg = "./bin/rg",
    },
}
```

</details>

2 files changed, 50 insertions, 172 deletions

diff --git a/lua/mason-core/package/init.lua b/lua/mason-core/package/init.lua
index 899370fa..4a7f3d70 100644
--- a/lua/mason-core/package/init.lua
+++ b/lua/mason-core/package/init.lua
@@ -10,13 +10,9 @@ local path = require "mason-core.path"
 local platform = require "mason-core.platform"
 local registry = require "mason-registry"
 
-local is_not_nil = _.complement(_.is_nil)
-local is_registry_schema_id = _.matches "^registry%+v[1-9]+$"
-local is_registry_spec = _.prop_satisfies(_.all_pass { is_not_nil, is_registry_schema_id }, "schema")
-
 ---@class Package : EventEmitter
 ---@field name string
----@field spec RegistryPackageSpec | PackageSpec
+---@field spec RegistryPackageSpec
 ---@field private handle InstallHandle The currently associated handle.
 local Package = setmetatable({}, { __index = EventEmitter })
 
@@ -47,15 +43,17 @@ Package.Cat = {
     Formatter = "Formatter",
 }
 
-local PackageMt = { __index = Package }
+---@alias PackageLicense string
 
----@class PackageSpec
----@field name string
----@field desc string
----@field homepage string
----@field categories PackageCategory[]
----@field languages PackageLanguage[]
----@field install async fun(ctx: InstallContext)
+---@type table<PackageLicense, PackageLicense>
+Package.License = setmetatable({}, {
+    __index = function(s, license)
+        s[license] = license
+        return s[license]
+    end,
+})
+
+local PackageMt = { __index = Package }
 
 ---@class RegistryPackageSourceVersionOverride : RegistryPackageSource
 ---@field constraint string
@@ -86,32 +84,24 @@ local PackageMt = { __index = Package }
 ---@field share table<string, string>?
 ---@field opt table<string, string>?
 
----@param spec PackageSpec | RegistryPackageSpec
+---@param spec RegistryPackageSpec
 local function validate_spec(spec)
     if platform.cached_features["nvim-0.11"] ~= 1 then
         return
     end
-    if is_registry_spec(spec) then
-        vim.validate("name", spec.name, "string")
-        vim.validate("description", spec.description, "string")
-        vim.validate("homepage", spec.homepage, "string")
-        vim.validate("licenses", spec.licenses, "table")
-        vim.validate("categories", spec.categories, "table")
-        vim.validate("languages", spec.languages, "table")
-        vim.validate("source", spec.source, "table")
-        vim.validate("bin", spec.bin, { "table", "nil" })
-        vim.validate("share", spec.share, { "table", "nil" })
-    else
-        vim.validate("name", spec.name, "string")
-        vim.validate("desc", spec.desc, "string")
-        vim.validate("homepage", spec.homepage, "string")
-        vim.validate("categories", spec.categories, "table")
-        vim.validate("languages", spec.languages, "table")
-        vim.validate("install", spec.install, "function")
-    end
+    vim.validate("schema", spec.schema, _.equals "registry+v1", "registry+v1")
+    vim.validate("name", spec.name, "string")
+    vim.validate("description", spec.description, "string")
+    vim.validate("homepage", spec.homepage, "string")
+    vim.validate("licenses", spec.licenses, "table")
+    vim.validate("categories", spec.categories, "table")
+    vim.validate("languages", spec.languages, "table")
+    vim.validate("source", spec.source, "table")
+    vim.validate("bin", spec.bin, { "table", "nil" })
+    vim.validate("share", spec.share, { "table", "nil" })
 end
 
----@param spec PackageSpec | RegistryPackageSpec
+---@param spec RegistryPackageSpec
 function Package.new(spec)
     validate_spec(spec)
     return EventEmitter.init(setmetatable({
@@ -241,67 +231,40 @@ function Package:get_receipt()
     return Optional.empty()
 end
 
----@param callback fun(success: boolean, version_or_err: string)
-function Package:get_installed_version(callback)
-    self:get_receipt()
-        :if_present(
+---@return string?
+function Package:get_installed_version()
+    return self:get_receipt()
+        :and_then(
             ---@param receipt InstallReceipt
             function(receipt)
-                if is_registry_schema_id(receipt.primary_source.type) then
-                    local resolve = _.curryN(callback, 2)
-                    Purl.parse(receipt.primary_source.id)
-                        :map(_.prop "version")
-                        :on_success(resolve(true))
-                        :on_failure(resolve(false))
-                else
-                    a.run(function()
-                        local version_checks = require "mason-core.package.version-check"
-                        return version_checks.get_installed_version(receipt, self:get_install_path()):get_or_throw()
-                    end, callback)
-                end
+                return Purl.parse(receipt.primary_source.id):map(_.prop "version"):ok()
             end
         )
-        :if_not_present(function()
-            callback(false, "Unable to get receipt.")
-        end)
+        :or_else(nil)
 end
 
----@param callback fun(success: boolean, result_or_err: NewPackageVersion)
-function Package:check_new_version(callback)
-    if self:is_registry_spec() then
-        self:get_installed_version(_.scheduler_wrap(function(success, installed_version)
-            if not success then
-                return callback(false, installed_version)
-            end
-            local resolve = _.curryN(callback, 2)
-            Result.try(function(try)
-                -- This is a bit goofy, but it's done to verify that a new version is supported by the
-                -- current platform (parse fails if it's not). We don't want to surface new versions that
-                -- are unsupported.
-                try(require("mason-core.installer.registry").parse(self.spec, {}))
+---@return string
+function Package:get_latest_version()
+    return Purl.parse(self.spec.source.id)
+        :map(_.prop "version")
+        :get_or_throw(("Unable to retrieve version from malformed purl: %s."):format(self.spec.source.id))
+end
 
-                ---@type Purl
-                local purl = try(Purl.parse(self.spec.source.id))
-                if purl.version and installed_version ~= purl.version then
-                    return {
-                        name = purl.name,
-                        current_version = installed_version,
-                        latest_version = purl.version,
-                    }
-                else
-                    return Result.failure "Package is not outdated."
-                end
-            end)
-                :on_success(resolve(true))
-                :on_failure(resolve(false))
-        end))
-    else
-        a.run(function()
-            local receipt = self:get_receipt():or_else_throw "Unable to get receipt."
-            local version_checks = require "mason-core.package.version-check"
-            return version_checks.get_new_version(receipt, self:get_install_path()):get_or_throw()
-        end, callback)
-    end
+---@param opts? PackageInstallOpts
+function Package:is_installable(opts)
+    return require("mason-core.installer.registry").parse(self.spec, opts or {}):is_success()
+end
+
+---@return Result # Result<string[]>
+function Package:get_all_versions()
+    local registry_installer = require "mason-core.installer.registry"
+    return Result.try(function(try)
+        ---@type Purl
+        local purl = try(Purl.parse(self.spec.source.id))
+        ---@type InstallerProvider
+        local provider = try(registry_installer.get_provider(purl))
+        return provider.get_versions(purl, self.spec.source)
+    end)
 end
 
 function Package:get_lsp_settings_schema()
@@ -314,11 +277,6 @@ function Package:get_lsp_settings_schema()
     return Optional.empty()
 end
 
----@return boolean
-function Package:is_registry_spec()
-    return is_registry_spec(self.spec)
-end
-
 function PackageMt.__tostring(self)
     return ("Package(name=%s)"):format(self.name)
 end
diff --git a/lua/mason-core/package/version-check.lua b/lua/mason-core/package/version-check.lua
deleted file mode 100644
index 66d9ad13..00000000
--- a/lua/mason-core/package/version-check.lua
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-local Result = require "mason-core.result"
-local cargo = require "mason-core.managers.cargo"
-local composer = require "mason-core.managers.composer"
-local gem = require "mason-core.managers.gem"
-local git = require "mason-core.managers.git"
-local github = require "mason-core.managers.github"
-local go = require "mason-core.managers.go"
-local log = require "mason-core.log"
-local luarocks = require "mason-core.managers.luarocks"
-local npm = require "mason-core.managers.npm"
-local pip3 = require "mason-core.managers.pip3"
-
----@param field_name string
-local function version_in_receipt(field_name)
-    ---@param receipt InstallReceipt
-    ---@return Result
-    return function(receipt)
-        return Result.success(receipt.primary_source[field_name])
-    end
-end
-
----@type table<InstallReceiptSourceType, async fun(receipt: InstallReceipt, install_dir: string): Result>
-local get_installed_version_by_type = {
-    ["npm"] = npm.get_installed_primary_package_version,
-    ["pip3"] = pip3.get_installed_primary_package_version,
-    ["gem"] = gem.get_installed_primary_package_version,
-    ["cargo"] = cargo.get_installed_primary_package_version,
-    ["composer"] = composer.get_installed_primary_package_version,
-    ["git"] = git.get_installed_revision,
-    ["go"] = go.get_installed_primary_package_version,
-    ["luarocks"] = luarocks.get_installed_primary_package_version,
-    ["github_release_file"] = version_in_receipt "release",
-    ["github_release"] = version_in_receipt "release",
-    ["github_tag"] = version_in_receipt "tag",
-}
-
----@class NewPackageVersion
----@field name string
----@field current_version string
----@field latest_version string
-
-local get_new_version_by_type = {
-    ["npm"] = npm.check_outdated_primary_package,
-    ["pip3"] = pip3.check_outdated_primary_package,
-    ["git"] = git.check_outdated_git_clone,
-    ["cargo"] = cargo.check_outdated_primary_package,
-    ["composer"] = composer.check_outdated_primary_package,
-    ["gem"] = gem.check_outdated_primary_package,
-    ["go"] = go.check_outdated_primary_package,
-    ["luarocks"] = luarocks.check_outdated_primary_package,
-    ["github_release_file"] = github.check_outdated_primary_package_release,
-    ["github_release"] = github.check_outdated_primary_package_release,
-    ["github_tag"] = github.check_outdated_primary_package_tag,
-}
-
----@param provider_mapping table<string, async fun(receipt: InstallReceipt, install_dir: string): Result>
-local function version_check(provider_mapping)
-    ---@param receipt InstallReceipt
-    ---@param install_dir string
-    return function(receipt, install_dir)
-        local check = provider_mapping[receipt.primary_source.type]
-        if not check then
-            return Result.failure(
-                ("Packages installed via %s does not yet support version check."):format(receipt.primary_source.type)
-            )
-        end
-        return check(receipt, install_dir)
-            :on_success(function(version)
-                log.debug("Version check", version)
-            end)
-            :on_failure(function(failure)
-                log.debug("Version check failed", tostring(failure))
-            end)
-    end
-end
-
-return {
-    get_installed_version = version_check(get_installed_version_by_type),
-    get_new_version = version_check(get_new_version_by_type),
-}